Cyclosporine is a prescription medication considered an immunosuppressant agent. It is used in the prevention of organ rejection in kidney, liver and heart transplants. Cyclosporine also treats severe, active rheumatoid arthritis that does not respond to methotrexate alone. It exerts its action by preventing the production and release of certain chemicals in the body that cause a response that leads to worsening of symptoms. The medication has the ability to produce many side effects. The patient should consult any concerns with a health care professional.
Hypertension
Hypertension--high blood pressure--may occur with the administration of cyclosporine. According to the "Drug Information Handbook," up to 53 percent of individuals experience hypertension. The patient must inform his physician if he has hypertension and keep all doctor appointments to ensure that he is monitored properly. If a patient develops chest pain or heart palpitations, he should seek medical attention immediately.
Abnormal Hair Growth
Females on cyclosporine may have hair growth in places where normally hair does not grow such as the chest or the face. The "Drug Information Handbook" states that this may occur in up to 45 percent of women. Both men and women may develop hair growth in abnormal amounts on the face, chest and arms. About 12 percent of individuals may develop this undesired side effect. Patient should discuss other options with a health care provider if this side effect becomes bothersome.
Nausea and Diarrhea
Nausea is a common side effect that may occur in about 23 percent of patients. Chewing gum or sucking on hard candy may help alleviate the side effect. About 8 percent of individuals may experience diarrhea, as well. Drinking plenty of fluids and avoiding large fatty meals may help. Exercising on a regular basis and obtaining enough fiber in the diet may relieve the diarrhea. If diarrhea becomes more severe or persists for more than 3 days, the patient should seek medical attention right away.
Tremor
A side effect that may occur in users of cyclosporine is tremor. The "Drug Information Handbook" reports that up to 55 percent of individuals experience tremor, characterized by shaking that can be controlled. About 7 percent may also experience leg cramps or muscle contractions. A patient that experiences these side effects should inform a health care provider as soon as possible.
Kidney Dysfunction
Kidney dysfunction may occur with the use of cyclosporine in up to 38 percent of people. "Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach" explains that patients who have any kidney dysfunction should avoid the medication or be monitored closely. Also, any addition or deletion of any medication must be monitored closely.
References
- "Drug Information Handbook 15th Edition"; Lacy, Charles F., Armstrong, Lora L., et al; 2007
- "Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach"; Dipiro, Joseph T., Talbert,Robert L., et al; 2008
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