Brittle nails are fingernails or toenails that break or split easily. The nails might also flake off or look very thin. Brittle nails are unsightly and can be painful if they break off close to the quick, also called the nail bed. In most cases, brittle nails are caused by external factors and do not often indicate a serious underlying health issue.
Moisture and Dryness
According to the American Osteopathic College of Dermatology, excessive moisture and dryness are the most common causes of brittle nails. Nails can get brittle if they are too dry, or if they get wet and dry often. This can be caused by very hot or dry air from the climate or from indoor heating. People who need to wash their hands often, such as nurses and food service workers, can also get brittle nails. Some people have a genetic predisposition to brittle nails from dryness, and aging is also a factor.
Brittle nails from moisture and dryness can be helped by limiting as much as possible the amount of time your hands get wet, and by using a gentle, moisturizing soap. Wear gloves while cleaning the house to keep your nails from repeatedly getting wet and dry. Soaking dry nails and then moisturizing the nails and cuticles with a lotion that contains lanolin or alpha hydroxy acid may also alleviate the problem.
Chemical Exposure
Chemicals in cleaning products, nail polish and acetone nail polish remover can also cause brittle nails. These chemicals can rob nails of moisture and oil that keeps nails strong and holds them together. Wearing gloves while working with chemical products will protect your nails. If you wear nail polish all the time, try giving your nails a break from the polish until the problem clears up. Use an acetone-free nail polish remover, which is healthier for your nails and your body.
Nutrient Deficiency
Brittle nails caused by environmental factors are usually weak at the tips and stronger lower down. If your nails are uniformly weak, or if they are becoming more brittle with aging or menopause, a nutritional deficiency could be the reason. Iron deficiency is the most common cause, which causes nails to become brittle and concave. A vitamin deficiency may also be indicated by horizontal lines across the nail.
Dietary changes should improve your nails. Eat foods that are rich in vitamin C, protein and healthy fats, such as olive oil, fresh fruits and vegetables, legumes, nuts and animal proteins
