Statistics from the Centers for Disease Control show that about 67 percent of Americans are overweight or obese. According to National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, or NHANES, data, these conditions cause many preventable health problems. In addition, the rising rates of obesity in America contribute to increasing healthcare costs. Given the prevalence of overweight and obese Americans, doctors need measurement tools to assess health status. One of these is the body mass index, or BMI.
Definition
Using weight as a measure of health is not necessarily an indicator of health status. Two people might weigh the same but have different heights. Previously health professionals relied solely on height and weight charts to determine weight status. The health care community now uses BMI, which shows the ratio of a person's height to weight. Additionally, BMI is used worldwide, providing a consistent way to compare and analyze health status across large and small populations.
Measuring
To calculate BMI, you need a recent measurement of your height and weight. To ensure accurate weight, your should weigh yourself several days in a row at the same time and take the average weight. The calculation is the same for both adults and children. Divide the weight in pounds by the height in inches squared. Take this number and multiply by 703.
Significance
A BMI lower than 25 indicates good health. A BMI between 25 and 30 indicates the person is overweight, and a BMI exceeding 30 is defined as obese. These numbers allow people and health professionals a simple way to determine where to diagnose potential health problems among individuals or specific populations. Often BMI will show possible future problems before they become costly health issues.
Misconceptions
Although BMI shows a ratio and provides a better assessment than weight alone, several components are still missing. For instance, it does not take muscle mass into account. If a person puts on several pounds of extra muscle, his BMI increases even though he improved his health. Very muscular individuals sometimes fall into the overweight or obese category. Some people might carry excess weight without the health risks. Some people with a low BMI carry great health risk.
Improving Your BMI
You can improve BMI by exercising at least three times per week and eating plenty of fruits and vegetables. A diet analysis shows regular food intake on a daily basis. To lower BMI, you need to minimize fat intake, eat such grains as brown rice and drink plenty of water. Additionally, incorporating an exercise program including cardiovascular exercise---such as walking, jogging, aerobics or biking and strength training using dumbbells or resistance tubing---helps.
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