Allergic reactions occur when the immune system recognizes an otherwise benign substance as a harmful intruder. During a reaction, the immune system releases antibodies to ward off the substance, resulting in allergy symptoms. Symptoms can range from very mild to life threatening and vary from person to person. Recognizing the signs of allergies and knowing preventative measures and treatments available can offer guaranteed relief.
Allergic Rhinitis
Statistics provided by the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, AAAAI, show that allergic rhinitis affects approximately 20 percent of the American population and ranks number one in terms of common illnesses. Breathing allergens such as pet dander, pollen and other airborne protein compounds can lead to a condition known as allergic rhinitis. Allergic rhinitis, an acute infection of the sinuses and nasal cavities, occurs when an allergen triggers a reaction in those with a hypersensitivity. Symptoms can include sneezing, congestion, runny nose and sinus headaches. Nasal sprays and over-the-counter antihistamines can offer temporary relief of all symptoms. Severe symptoms such as nosebleeds might indicate an infection and will need medical attention.
Allergic Conjunctivitis
Allergic conjunctivitis signifies inflammation of the conjunctiva, otherwise known as the whites of the eye. According to the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, ACAAI, allergic conjunctivitis affects millions of Americans. Redness, swelling, itching, and watering eyes are all examples of symptoms derived from airborne allergens. Sufferers should avoid scratching and rubbing the eyes because it can lead to further irritation. Avoidance of the causative allergen is recommended but if not possible, cold compresses and over-the-counter or prescribed eye drops can relieve swelling and burning.
Skin Reactions
Certain foods, chemicals, insect bites, and airborne allergens can cause allergic reactions of the skin. Signs and symptoms can include blisters, itchiness, rashes, swelling and hives. Food allergies are generally systemic and can cause breakouts over large parts of the body. Per the ACAAI, an estimated 2 million Americans endure insect venom allergies, with 50 known deaths per year. Insect bites tend to cause localized itching and swelling. In case of accidental contact, anyone with an insect or food allergy should always have a self-administered epinephrane kit available to reverse potentially severe and life threatening symptoms.
Anaphylactic Shock
Anaphylactic shock, also known as anaphylaxis, results from a severe reaction to an allergen, causing inflamed bronchial tubes that can constrict the airway. The earliest sign of anaphylaxis is best described as a feeling of impending doom. Other signs and symptoms include hives, sneezing, coughing, respiratory distress, wheezing, cool, clammy skin, confusion and unconsciousness. Anaphylaxis constitutes a medical emergency and requires immediate treatment, because early treatment increases the chances of survival.
