The body's inability to utilize glucose due to inefficient insulin production causes it to seek an alternative source of fuel and energy--fat cells. The breakdown of fat results in the production of a highly acidic substance called ketones. Ketones build up in the blood and urine. Extremely high levels of ketones produce a poisonous condition in the body called ketoacidosis, according to MedlinePlus.com. A high ketone level is the first abnormal condition a person with diabetes may notice, leading to the initial diagnosis of the disease. Increased ketone levels are seen in type 1 diabetics, yet the condition is rare in type 2 diabetics.
Increased Thirst and Urination
The body attempts to get rid of the highly acidic ketones and excess sugar in the urine by increasing urination, reports the Merck Manual. As a person begins to frequently urinate, the body loses fluids. A person becomes extremely thirsty. Severe dehydration is possible. As the body becomes dehydrated, a person's blood pressure may decrease and fatigue sets in. Additional symptoms of severe dehydration include dry skin and mouth.
Respirations
A person's respirations become deep and rapid because of the body's attempts to lower carbon dioxide levels, according to the Merck Manual. These respirations are commonly called Kussmaul's respirations. A person's breath will also smell fruity or have an odor similar to nail polish remover. The odor is the smell of ketones being released into the respiratory system.
Nausea, Vomiting and Abdominal Pain
Initially a person may not have any symptoms to identify the presence of ketones. However, some diabetics show signs of nausea and vomiting. The symptom is a result of the body attempting to rid itself of high acid levels. The Merck Manual reports abdominal pain, often seen in diabetic children, is also a signal ketones are present.
Confusion
A person suffering from ketoacidosis may slip into an altered mental state. He may seem confused and have difficulty focusing and staying alert. The Merck Manual describes patients with ketoacidosis as being extremely lethargic and in a state of near sleep. Fluctuating states of alertness are signs that acute cerebral edema may be occurring. The condition affects 1 percent of diabetic ketoacidosis cases, primarily in children, according to the Merck Manual.
