Arthritis, specifically osteoarthritis, is characterized by cartilage deterioration between joints. Bone-on-bone contact occurs in the joints, causing pain, inflammation and decreased range of motion. Medications, herbal treatments and foods that decrease inflammation and relieve pain can help alleviate the symptoms associated with arthritis.
Medications
Medications such as acetaminophen are often prescribed for arthritis sufferers. Acetaminophen is an analgesic, or pain reliever. According to The Arthritis Foundation, because of its low cost, effectiveness and safety, rheumatologists recommend acetaminophen as a first-line option against osteoarthritis pain. Doctors prescribe narcotic pain relievers like Percocet or Vicodin for severe pain.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs work by blocking COX-1 or COX-2 enzymes which produce prostaglandins. Prostaglandins cause pain. NSAIDS like naproxen, ibuprofen and aspirin are available over-the-counter. Celebrex, a prescription NSAID is also used arthritis sufferers.
Corticoteroids decrease inflammation associated with arthritis. Due to the long-term side effects associated with steroids, doctors prescribe them for short periods of time. Weight gain, depression and acne are potential long-term side effects of corticosteroids.
Herbals
Turmeric has the potential to decrease pain and inflammation. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, turmeric's ability to reduce inflammation may help relieve the symptoms of osteoarthritis.
Glucosamine and chondroitin are thought to slow the progression of cartilage deterioration. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, studies are conflicted, but have shown improvement after taking glucosamine for two to four months. Glucosamine and chondroitin can be used along with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to treat OA.
Foods
Eating a diet rich in fruits, vegetables and fresh food can help reduce inflammation, thus reducing pain. Processed foods and foods high in sugar can increase inflammation. According to The Arthritis Foundation, omega-3 fatty acids significantly reduce joint pain and shorten the duration of morning stiffness. Increase your intake of omega-3s by eating fish like salmon. Fish oil capsules are also effective in reducing inflammation.
Exercises
Low-impact exercises are effective in reducing pain for arthritis sufferers. According to the Arthritis Foundation, exercise reduces joint pain and stiffness, builds strong muscle around the joints, and increases flexibility and endurance. It also reduces inflammation.Exercises like walking, swimming and yoga all increase muscle mass with low impact on the joints.
