Non-melanoma skin cancers are the most prevalent form of cancer in the United States. Squamous cell and basal cell carcinoma of the skin comprise the overwhelming majority of non-melanoma skin cancers. The Skin Cancer Foundation reports that approximately 2 million Americans are diagnosed with non-melanoma skin cancer per year. Sun exposure accounts for roughly 90 percent of these cancers. Symptoms of skin cancer commonly overlap with other noncancerous or precancerous skin conditions. Early diagnosis and intervention can prevent complications associated with non-melanoma skin cancer.
Skin Nodule
The American Academy of Dermatology notes that basal cell carcinomas often present as new, raised skin growths or nodules. They can appear flesh-colored, red, pink, tan or brown. The nodule may exhibit a shiny or waxy-looking surface. Basal cell carcinomas typically grow slowly and rarely spread to other body locations. They may, however, cause significant local damage and disfigurement by invading adjacent tissues. Basal cell carcinomas occur most frequently in people with fair complexions.
Non-Healing Skin Sore
Basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas may present as non-healing skin sores, according to "The Merck Manual for Healthcare Professionals." Often, the lesions tend to bleed easily. They scab over; however, the lesions fail to heal. Bleeding commonly recurs with slight trauma. Non-melanoma skin cancers most frequently occur on sun-exposed skin surfaces such as the scalp, upper forehead, cheeks, lips, nose, ears, neck, upper chest, shoulders and the backs of the hands.
Skin Patch
Non-melanoma skin cancers often present as a new skin patch, typically flesh-colored or pink. The lesions grow slowly and may develop crusts. Easy bleeding may occur. Although most skin cancer lesions prove painless, occasionally pain or itching can occur. Non-melanoma skin cancers may develop a cavitary, ulcerated center with continued growth, notes the Skin Cancer Foundation.
Scar-Like Lesion
According to information provided by MayoClinic.com, basal cell carcinomas of the skin sometimes present as shiny, flat, scar-like lesions that appear without a precipitating injury. The lesions are typically white, flesh-colored or tan. Similar to a scar, the area may feel and appear unusually tight. Basal cell skin carcinomas that present with this appearance may extend into the surrounding skin beneath the surface of the lesion.
Wart-Like Growth
"The Merck Manual for Healthcare Professionals" points out that squamous cell carcinomas of the skin sometimes present as new, wart-like growths on sun-exposed areas. As the cancer grows, it often develops a crater in the center of the lesion. Although uncommon, squamous cell carcinomas of the skin may spread or metastasize to other body locations.
References
- American Cancer Society: Skin Cancer Prevention and Early Detection
- American Cancer Society: How is Squamous and Basal Cell Carcinoma Diagnosed?
- Merck Manual for Healthcare Professionals: Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- Merck Manual for Healthcare Professionals: Basal Cell Carcinoma
- American Academy of Dermatology: Skin Cancer
