Heat exhaustion is the second stage in a series of reactions to heat involving a spike in body temperature and a loss of the body's ability to cool itself. More serious than heat cramps, heat exhaustion occurs after a prolonged time being overheated and can lead to heat stroke if not treated. The biggest concern during treatment for heat exhaustion is to prevent it from developing into heat stroke, so cooling the body and keeping it cool is an essential component.
First Aid
Get the afflicted person out of the heat. This can include moving them into an air-conditioned room or, if no air conditioning is available, moving them into a shady cool area, explains the American Academy of Family Physicians. Someone displaying symptoms of heat exhaustion should rest, lying down with his feet raised 12 inches higher than his head if possible, according to Medline Plus. Apply cool compresses or wet cloths to the skin to facilitate cooling. Water or drinks containing electrolytes can hydrate the heat exhaustion victim, but these drinks should be cool, not icy cold. Removing any heavy or unnecessary clothing may also help restore normal body temperature.
Medical Treatments
If first aid methods don't halt heat exhaustion effectively within 30 to 60 minutes, or if it looks like the person might be developing heat stroke, she should be brought to a hospital immediately. The Mayo Clinic explains that medical treatment for heat exhaustion can include immersion in cool water, surrounding the person with ice packs or a cooling blanket, administering fluids via IV, misting the skin and cooling the person with fans.
Alternative Treatments
The University of Maryland Medical Center discusses some alternative remedies for heat exhaustion, but anyone seeking these remedies should consult a physician before trying any of them. Some herbs listed as temperature reducers include willow bark, elder flower, Chinese skullcap, yarrow and cayenne pepper. The homeopathic remedies belladonna and glonoinum may sometimes be used as well.
After Care
The American Academy of Family Physicians points out that individuals who have had an episode of heat exhaustion are more likely to have another or to develop heat stroke in the week or so following the original episode. These people should avoid hot weather and physical activity until cleared by a doctor.
