Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the leading cause of death and illness worldwide, according to the Mayo Clinic. COPD, usually caused by long-term smoking damage, is an umbrella term for a group of diseases that affect the lungs. These diseases make it difficult to breathe easily and can block airflow. Emphysema, chronic bronchitis and chronic asthmatic bronchitis are the main conditions that make up COPD. There is no cure for COPD, but many treatment options to exist to improve quality of life.
Medications
Different types of medications can be used to treat the symptoms associated with COPD, according to the National Institutes of Health. Bronchodilators can help open the airways in the lungs by relaxing the muscles. Bronchodilators can be used in the short or long term; some people may need to use one every day. Glucocorticosteroids can be inhaled to reduce the inflammation and swelling to help open airways as well. Antibiotics may also be prescribed to help fight respiratory infections such as influenza, pneumonia and acute bronchitis.
Surgery
According to the Mayo Clinic, surgery may be needed when medications aren't working effectively. A surgeon can remove small parts of damaged lung tissue, which gives healthy tissue more room to effectively filter the air. A single-lung transplant is possible for people who have severe emphysema and meet specific criteria.
Pulmonary Rehabilitation
Pulmonary rehabilitation may help improve the health of those with COPD by providing a medically supervised program, according to the National Institutes of Health. The rehab program helps with disease management, provides psychological counseling, and offers nutrition and exercise interventions. Doctors, nurses, physical therapists, dietitians, respiratory therapists and exercise specialists help provide skills to improve day-to-day activities.
Oxygen Therapy
Severe COPD is sometimes accompanied by low levels of oxygen in the blood due to the lack of airways and possible blockages. The National Institutes of Health discusses the option of oxygen therapy, which increases breathing efficiency. Oxygen is given through a mask or through nasal prongs and can be given all day, or just during strenuous activity or severe symptoms.
