Facial fillers are also known as "dermal fillers." They're made from a variety of ingredients, including hyaluronic acid gel, human fat and collagen. They are injected by a dermatologist or plastic surgeon into deep wrinkles and facial folds to fill out the area and make the lines disappear. While materials and procedures have improved over years, risks and side effects are still possible.
General Side Effects
While each filler type has risks associated with its chemical composition and application, all fillers share a number of side effects. DermaNetwork.org lists pain, allergic reactions, redness and scar formation as possible side effects. General surgeon Ziya Saylan, M.D., also mentions irritation, mild bruising and bleeding on the injection site.
Allergic Side Effects
People who have a weak auto-immune system should not use face fillers made with fat or bovine collagen, and should instead use synthetic materials which are less likely to cause side effects. Serious allergic reactions are possible in people suffering from arthritis, lupus or polymyositis. People with allergies should disclose their medical history to their doctors to ensure that the filler chosen does not contain the allergen.
Cosmetic Side Effects
Most facial filler side effects are cosmetic. The filler Artecoll, which is a mix of natural collagen and synthetic acryl particles, is the most likely filler to cause granuloma, according to Dr. Saylan. Granulomas, or lumps, often form several months after application and look like reddish, fine scars. In some people, fillers may become apparent as they age, especially when using fillers that last a long time.
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