The DSM refers to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, a book used in the United States to identify standard classifications and diagnostic criteria for all mental disorders. Mental health professionals including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers and counselors use the book. The current DSM-IV, published in 1994, will be 18 years old when the new DSM-V is published in 2012. The DSM lists criteria for identifying and diagnosing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, also know as ADHD.
Symptoms
The DSM criteria for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder requires either six inattention symptoms or six hyperactivity symptoms, noticeable for at least 6 months.
The inattention symptoms listed in the DSM include poor attention to detail, difficulty with sustained attention, not listening when spoken to, lack of follow through, organizational struggles, avoiding activities requiring mental focus, losing things, easily distracted and forgetful.
The hyperactive-impulsivity symptoms, according to the DSM, include frequent fidgeting, difficulty remaining seated when it is required, excessive running or climbing, difficulty playing quietly, excessive activity or movement, excessive talking, blurting out answers, difficulty waiting for a turn and frequent interruptions.
Age
Criteria for an ADHD diagnosis, according to the DSM, requires that the symptoms of inattention or hyperactivity-impulsivity be present before the age of 7.
Impairment
The symptoms for ADHD must impair a person in two or more settings within his life such as school, work and home. The impairments must be significant regarding social, occupational or academic activities.
No Other Explanation
DSM criteria for diagnosing ADHD includes that there be no other explanation for the symptoms. Symptoms should not relate to or be accounted for by developmental delays or other mental disorders.
