Approximately 50 percent to 80 percent of all pregnant women experience back pain, according to the American Pregnancy Association. Although it usually occurs during the final months of pregnancy, many women experience it at various points throughout. Pregnant women should learn how to prevent and manage their back pain, and learn to spot when back pain can be a warning sign of something more serious.
Types
A woman may experience three different types of back pain during pregnancy. Lumbar pain occurs at or above the waist level in the center of the back. It's similar to the type of lower back pain that people who are not pregnant experience, and usually increases when women stand or sit in a certain position for long periods. Posterior pelvic pain, on the other hand, occurs below and to the side of the waistline and may extend into the buttocks and back of the upper thighs. This pain is four times more prevalent than lumbar pain during pregnancy, according to the Spine-Health website. Finally, labor pain also occurs in the back for some women. This pain is similar to a menstrual cramp, is persistent and increases in intensity and frequency over a short period. Unlike lumbar pain and posterior pelvic pain, activity doesn't induce labor pain and this pain doesn't go away with rest. Women who believe they have back pain caused by labor should call a doctor immediately.
Causes
Back pain during pregnancy can occur for many reasons. Pregnancy hormones cause joints to loosen and allow ligaments in the pelvic area to soften, which means the back isn't supported as well as when a woman is not pregnant. Pregnant woman also gain additional weight, putting additional strain on their backs. Poor posture, excessive standing or bending and stress can also trigger back pain, the Spine-Health website says.
Prevention
Pregnant women can reduce the frequency or severity of back pain by making a few lifestyle modifications. Poor posture is common during pregnancy due to the center of gravity shifting as the uterus grows. Pregnant women who remain vigilant about practicing good posture may prevent back pain. This includes keeping the shoulders back, tucking the buttocks under and keeping the back straight while standing. When sitting, pregnant women should keep their feet slightly elevated and choose chairs that support their back when possible. Sleeping on their side with one or both knees bent can also help, suggests MayoClinic.com. Women who don't find this position comfortable may consider using small pillows or a full-length body pillow to increase comfort and support. Lifting with the legs instead of bending at the waist, wearing low-heeled shoes and maternity pants with a supportive waistband and maintaining a regular exercise regimen also helps prevent back pain.
Easing the Pain
Pregnant women seeking relief from back pain have many options. Pelvic tilt exercises relieve the discomfort of back pain for many women. Applying heat or cold to the affected area also helps. This may include soaking in a warm bath, heating pads, hot water bottles or ice packs. Over-the-counter and prescription pain relievers also ease the pain, but women should only take these medications with approval from a doctor. Some women find alternative pain relief methods beneficial, including chiropractic care or acupuncture. However, it's unclear how effective these alternative treatments are. Pregnant women should discuss alternative treatments with their doctor.
Warning
Although most cases of back pain during pregnancy aren't a cause for concern, some cases require mental attention. Pregnant women should always seek immediate medical attention for back pain that is severe, persistent or accompanied by vaginal bleeding or discharge. They should also always err on the side of caution and call their doctor whenever they are concerned about their back pain.
