Salicylic acid is a keratolytic agent, meaning it works by softening keratin, a protein in the structure of the top layer of skin. This helps to loosen dry skin cells, as well as softening thickened and hardened skin cells, so they can be more easily removed. Salicylic acid is available in various topical treatments, and the ointment is useful for treating skin disorders involving scaly, flaky or thickened skin, as explained by DermNetNZ.
Acne Treatment
Salicylic acid ointment is useful for treating acne. It promotes easy removal of dead cells from the surface layer of skin, cells that might otherwise clog pores and lead to bacterial growth and pimples, as noted by DermNetNZ. This effect is especially beneficial for people with oily skin, common in acne, because facial oil tends to prevent dead cells from shedding. Salicylic acid also breaks down blackheads and whiteheads.
Seborrheic Dermatitis
Another condition salicylic acid ointment can improve is seborrheic dermatitis, according to DermNetNZ. This condition begins as seborrhea, which causes excessive oiliness of the skin, particularly of the scalp and face. Individuals with this disorder may later develop seborrheic dermatitis, resulting in redness, scaling and itching in addition to oily skin. The American Academy of Dermatology notes that seborrheic dermatitis is a common problem and easily treated.
Psoriasis
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved salicylic acid as a treatment for psoriasis, another common skin disorder. This condition involves thickened, red and scaly skin with flaky silvery patches. Salicylic acid helps soften, lift and remove psoriasis scales. Salicylic acid in ointment form keeps the skin lubricated, which lessens redness and itching and promotes healing. Dermatologists advise psoriasis patients to use heavy creams and ointments to lock water into the skin, says the National Psoriasis Foundation.
Hyperkeratotic Eczema
Salicylic acid combined with the corticosteroid betamethasone is useful for treating hyperkeratotic eczema and more stubborn cases of psoriasis. Hyperkeratotic eczema causes thickening and hardening of the skin in affected areas, and sometimes involves painful cracking. As salicylic acid softens and breaks down keratin, it helps dead cells slough away from the skin surface, according to Netdoctor, and allows the steroid medication to penetrate and reduce inflammation.
