Bladder infections are common in children and are more prevalent in girls due to a shorter urethra, which makes it easier for bacteria to enter the urinary tract. According to the Nemours Foundation, E. coli is most commonly responsible for infections, and can enter the urinary tract after contamination from the rectal area. That is why it is very important for parents to teach children to wipe front to back when using the toilet. Depending on the age of the toddler, symptoms may vary.
Painful Urination
In toddler's old enough to verbalize symptoms, painful urination can be a good clue that a bladder infection is present. Infections can cause inflammation of the bladder and adjoining structures such as the urethra. As urine passes, irritation can occur which leads to pain.
Frequent Urination and Urgency
Frequent urination is an easy symptom to notice no matter the age of the child. Younger toddlers who are not yet toilet-trained will have more wet diapers than usual. Toddlers who have learned to use the toilet may feel the need to go more often, or may have accidents.
Fever
The National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse explains that sometimes the only noticeable symptom of a bladder infection is a low-grade fever. It is for this reason that toddlers with fevers are frequently tested for bladder infections. A simple urinalysis and culture can detect the presence of bacteria, and identify the type.
Unusual Urine Smell and Color
Urine containing bacteria may have an usual smell. It may also have a different appearance than usual. Urine which is free from bacteria should be clear or pale yellow. With a bladder infection, it may be cloudy due to white blood cells present in the urine to fight infection. It may also have blood from the inflammation in the urinary tract.
Other Symptoms
Toddler's with a bladder infection may experience some, or all of these symptoms, and may also be irritable due to a fever and general discomfort. Decreased appetite and just generally not acting like themselves can be an indication that an infection is present. If a parent or caregiver suspects a bladder infection, she should seek medical advice because bladder infections left untreated can lead to kidney infections, which are more serious.
