1. Signs of Serious Injury
Most contusion bruises aren't severe problems and can be treated at home. However, an increase in localized pain and swelling that starts within a half-hour of the injury could be a sign of a bone fracture. Limited movement of the injured joint is also a warning sign. In these cases, you should head to the emergency room for an X-ray.
2. Control Swelling
Holding an ice pack or cold compress on the injured area can limit swelling. Apply these packs for 15 to 30 minutes at intervals throughout the day. Be sure that the cold pack is covered in a washcloth or other material, since applying ice directly can be harmful for your skin.
Position the injured area so that it is elevated above your heart and apply ice for some additional pain relief and swelling control. You may also want to consider using an elastic bandage to reduce the swelling. The bandage should be loose enough so that it doesn't completely restrict joint movement. Remove the bandage periodically during the day for 10 to 15-minute periods. If you must wear it during the night, be sure the support is loose enough so that blood flow isn't affected.
3. Basic Medication for Contusion Bruises
Aspirin and other anti-inflammatory drugs can be taken to reduce aches and pains associated with bruises. Medications generally aren't needed after the first 48 hours, so continued pain is a sign to visit your doctor. Do not exceed the dosage requirements for these medications, especially when treating children.
4. Watch the Bruise Develop
It's normal for a contusion bruise to change from bluish to purple shades and even expand a little. Leg bruises are more likely to grow in size due to blood flow and the pull of gravity. If the bruise hasn't started to shrink or fade in 3 to 4 weeks or if pain continues, then you need to see a doctor. If other bruises appear on your body with no apparent cause, you should also see a doctor, since they may be a symptom of anemia or another condition.
