Epilepsy is a disorder in which abnormal electrical activity causes problems throughout the brain. This condition most commonly manifests during childhood because it is caused by anatomical problems within the brain.
Types
Epilepsy is commonly divided into two different sorts, depending on how much of the brain is involved, the Mayo Clinic explains. Generalized seizures involve all of the brain, whereas a partial seizure only has abnormal electrical activity in certain parts of the brain.
Causes
Epilepsy in children can be caused by a variety of factors, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke explains. It can be caused by abnormal brain wiring or by an imbalance of chemicals called neurotransmitters.
Diagnosis
Children may be diagnosed with epilepsy once they have had two or more seizures. An electroencephalogram can identify abnormal brain electrical activity, the Epilepsy Foundation explains, and a MRI can be used to detect any anatomical abnormalities.
Complications
Children with epilepsy can be injured by falling during a seizure, and they are also more likely to drown, the Mayo Clinic notes. Status epilepticus, which is marked by a seizure that lasts for more than five minutes, can cause brain damage and death.
Treatment
Epilepsy can often be controlled through the use of special drugs called anticonvulsants. In some cases, surgery can remove any damaged brain tissue.
