The bones of the spinal column--the vertebrae--protect nerves that run from the brain down the back. The vertebrae are separated by rubbery disks that cushion the bones. Strain or injury can push the disks out of place--a condition called herniated disks--or rupture then, causing pain, numbness and weakness in the neck or back. The most common area for a herniated disk is in the lower back, or the lumbar area. Approximately 8 percent of herniated disks occur in the neck. Rarely, the thoracic, or upper to middle back, disks are involved. Most herniated disks heal within six months. However, about 10 percent require surgery, according to the Mayo Clinic, because conservative treatment fails or because a disk fragment has lodged in the spinal canal, pressing on a nerve.
Rest
If pain is constant and severe, the patient may require one to two days of bed rest, according to the Mayo Clinic, followed by a period of reduced activity. Although it is unnecessary to avoid all physical activity, the patient should avoid movements that increase symptoms, including bending, lifting, using improper body mechanics and prolonged sitting.
Medications
Over-the-counter medications, including ibuprofen, aspirin, acetaminophen or naproxen, may be helpful for mild to moderate pain, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. A health care provider may prescribe muscle relaxants such as diazepam or cyclobenzaprine for muscle spasms; narcotic painkillers for herniated disks caused by sudden injury; or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications, also called NSAIDs. Rarely, steroids may be given intravenously or by mouth. Reducing pain and inflammation allows the patient to participate more fully in activities that help to heal the herniated disk.
Physical Therapy
Physical therapy, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center, is important for almost every patient with disk disorders. Physical therapy helps to strengthen muscles, improve flexibility and alleviate pain. Treatment may include heat and ice applications, ultrasound or electrical stimulation and rehabilitation to improve back health and protect against future injuries.
Steroid Injections
Steroid injections into the area of a herniated disk can alleviate lower back pain for several months, according to the New York Times Health Guide, but may not provide long-term benefits. Steroids injected into the epidural space--under the outer membrane covering the spine--reduce swelling and inflammation around the nerve.
