Pinworms, or Enterobius vermicularis, are small, white roundworms that can infect the colon and rectum of humans. The worms are approximately the size of a staple. Pinworms live in the large intestine of the patient. They then travel to the anus to lay their eggs. Once the eggs are implanted and begin to hatch they cause the patient to experience severe itching in the anal area. Mild pinworm infections usually go untreated, according to the Mayo Clinic, but more severe infections require medication. The possible side effects of the pinworm medication should be considered prior to administration.
Diarrhea
Diarrhea is a common side effect of pinworm medication. Medications such as mebendazole and albendazole can cause diarrhea, according to Medline Plus, a National Institutes of Health website, and the Mayo Clinic. The diarrhea can help flush the mature worms out of the intestine, but the eggs will still remain. In rare cases, the diarrhea can become severe and patients may need medication to stop the side effect.
Stomach Pain
Pyrantel, mebendazole, and albendazole are examples of pinworm medication that can cause stomach pain. The pain can also be accompanied by nausea or a decreased appetite, according to Drugs.com. The stomach pain can lessen over time, but usually disappears only when the medication is discontinued.
Vomiting
Pyrantel, a drug for pinworm infection, can cause episodes of vomiting. If patients are suffering from diarrhea and vomiting, severe dehydration can develop. In order to prevent this complication, patients should hydrate properly with water.
Dizziness
Patients taking pinworm medicines often complain about dizziness, according to the Mayo Clinic. The dizziness can manifest as a sensation of the room is moving or spinning. Patients will exhibit a decreased ability to balance themselves and may be unable to walk in a straight line. The dizziness can induce episodes of nausea and vomiting.
Headache and Drowsiness
Both albendazole and pyrantel have been noted to cause headaches and drowsiness. The headache is usually mild and can be treated with pain relievers such as ibuprofen or aspirin. The drowsiness can cause patients to sleep longer or feel tired in the middle of the day.
Allergic Reactions
The development of a rash, swelling of the tongue, lips, or face, difficulty breathing, and a sensation of a tight throat can be signs of an allergic reaction to the pinworm medication, according to Drugs.com. If patients manifest these symptoms, they will need immediate medical care.
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