Allergic rhinitis can occur seasonally or year-round. The University of Maryland Medical Center explains that allergic rhinitis is an allergic reaction in the body that occurs because the immune system overreacts to certain inhaled substances. Seasonal allergic rhinitis is often triggered by pollens of certain plants and trees. Year-round allergic rhinitis can be caused by triggers like dust mites, pet dander and mold. Several nasal sprays can relieve the symptoms of allergic rhinitis.
Corticosteroids
Nasal sprays containing corticosteroids are available by prescription for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Drugs.com suggests that they are prescribed for patients whose symptoms are not resolved with a typical antihistamine. Corticosteroid sprays are effective in relieving nasal inflammation, nasal itching and runny nose due to allergens. Nasal corticosteroids are the most effective medication for some individuals and are often the first line of treatment. Some specific sprays include fluticasone propionate, fluticasone furoate, mometasone and beclomethasone. These medicines are safe for long-term management of allergic rhinitis but can cause some nasal irritation, unpleasant taste in the mouth or an unpleasant smell.
Antihistamines
Antihistamines are often prescribed orally, but they can come in nasal spray form. This type of drug works by blocking the body's production of histamine, a chemical that is released by the immune system to fight off the allergen. When histamine is released, the response is eye and nose itching, sneezing and a runny nose. These symptoms are meant to eject the allergen from the body. The Mayo Clinic says that nasal antihistamines have a diminished impact on nasal congestion. Some examples of prescription nasal antihistamine sprays include azelastine and olopatadine. Another similar nasal spray is cromolyn sodium. It is used several times per day and works much like an antihistamine by blocking the production of histamine. It is most effective when used before symptoms of allergic rhinitis begin.
Decongestants
Decongestants reduce inflammation in the nasal passages to make breathing easier and reduce sinus pressure between the eyes, in the forehead and next to the nose. Nasal decongestants available over the counter include phenylephrine and oxymetazoline. The Mayo Clinic warns against using a nasal decongestant spray for more than two or three days at a time because it can cause what is known as rebound congestion, or a worsening of symptoms.
Nasal Ipratropium
Nasal ipratropium is available by prescription for the relief of a runny nose. The Mayo Clinic says that it prevents the glands in the nose from producing excess mucus, but it does not treat congestion, sneezing or postnasal drip. Possible side effects include nasal dryness, nosebleeds and a sore throat. In rare cases, an individual may develop vision blurring, dizziness and trouble urinating.
Saline Spray
Saline nasal sprays are drug-free. They can be made at home with salt and water, or they can be purchased over the counter. The solution is inserted into the nose like a medicated spray. The saline solution helps flush mucus and allergens from the nose. It can relieve mild congestion and help improve breathing. It has minimal side effects but can cause some nasal burning or irritation.
