Radon causes lung cancer. According to the experts at the National Cancer Institute, scientists first noted a health problem when they discovered that underground uranium miners exposed to radon had high rates of lung cancer. Researches have since identified radon as second only to cigarette smoking when it comes to causing lung cancer in the U.S. Tests can determine how much radon exists in your home and radon removal systems can reduce your risks.
Origins
Radon is a tasteless, odorless, and colorless gas that occurs naturally during the radioactive decay process of uranium. The Michigan Department of Natural Resource and Environment states that trace levels of uranium exist in nearly every type of soil and rock; however, granites, shales and phosphates have higher than average levels of uranium than other types. The significance of the concentration remains unclear, however, since elevated radon levels can occur even in areas with lower concentrations of uranium in the soil and rocks.
Exposure
Present at very low levels in all the air you breathe, radon does not typically pose a threat outdoors. However, it can rise to concerning levels indoors as it leaks through cracks in floors or foundations and remains trapped inside by tightly insulated windows and walls. Some building materials and water from wells contain radon that eventually escapes into indoor air. Basements and the lower floors of homes typically have higher concentrations of radon due to their proximity to the ground. Miners obviously are at risk for higher levels of exposure.
Effects
As radon decays, it gives off radioactive particles. When inhaled, these particles can damage cells lining the lungs and eventually cause lung cancer. Scientists at the National Cancer Institute estimate approximately 15,000 to 22,000 people die each year due to radon-related lung cancer. Those who smoke are at greater risk of developing lung cancer than nonsmokers when exposed to increased levels of radon. Researches have not related radon to any other form of cancer.
Testing
Many states and local communities offer "do-it-yourself" testing kits to check for radon levels in your home. Some are "passive" in that you place them in a location and they read the levels of radon in the air in that location. Once the prescribed amount of time passes, you package the kit up and send it off to a lab for analysis. Another type, which is likely more expensive according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, is an "active" test that draws air in and provides hourly readings and an average at the end of the test period.
Radon Reduction
Techniques for reducing radon in your home vary. Some attempt to stop radon from entering in the first place while others work at venting the gas outdoors before it has a chance to rise to concerning levels. The type of removal best for your house depends on age, location and several other factors. Costs range from $800 to $2,500 as of 2010, according to the EPA, and average expense is $1,200. The EPA recommends using a state certified or otherwise qualified radon mitigation contractor for radon removal, and that you check with your state's radon office to determine the contractor's expertise.
