The sciatic nerve is the largest nerve in the body. It starts at the base of the lumbar spine and travels down the back of the leg into the foot. Sciatica is a symptom that involves pain or numbness and tingling anywhere along the path of the nerve. It is typically caused by some other underlying condition that leads to compression of the delicate nerve roots in the lumbar spine. According to Spine Universe, pain from sciatica can be described as sharp, dull, burning, tingly or numb. It can be continuous or intermittent and usually affects only one side of the body. It can radiate the entire length of the nerve, in some cases all the way down to the toes.
Ice
In many cases, sciatica is associated with inflammation, which can irritate the nerve. A spinal disc can crack and herniate out beyond its normal confines, putting pressure directly on the nerve and causing inflammation. Ice is always a good way to counteract inflammation by restricting blood vessels. An ice pack should be wrapped in a towel and applied over the low back for 20 minutes every two hours. According to the New York Times, in the first 24 to 48 hours after injury, heat should be avoided. After that, heat can be helpful.
Medication
Over-the-counter or prescription medication may be used to reduce pain and inflammation associated with sciatica. Commonly, NSAIDs, such as naproxen, ibuprofen and aspirin, are prescribed because they have both pain-relieving and anti-inflammatory properties. According to the Mayo Clinic, there is a limit to how much pain NSAIDs can control. They are associated with side effects such as nausea and stomach ulcers. In some cases, cortisone-like steroids can be injected directly into the area surrounding the spinal nerves and can help reduce inflammation and pain. Medicine does not address the underlying cause, but only covers up the pain.
Stretching
Sciatica is often the end result of tight muscles and spasms that lead to compression of the nerves. By engaging in gentle and consistent stretching, spasms can be controlled and muscles can be lengthened, which will help to relieve any additional stress on the low back. The Mayo Clinic recommends avoiding jerking or bouncing during a stretch and suggests holding stretches for at least 30 seconds.
Exercise
Once the acute painful stage has passed, exercise is an excellent way to help correct the underlying cause of sciatica. Exercises directed by a clinician can help correct posture, improve flexibility and strengthen the muscles that surround your spine and stabilize your core. According to the Mayo Clinic, exercise should be a cornerstone of any long-term solution and a permanent part of your home routine.
