According to Medline Plus, arthritis is the inflammation of joints due to the breakdown of cartilage that normally protects joints. Without healthy cartilage, bones rub together to form bone spurs, or humps of bone in the joint. Bone spurs can cause pain, swelling and joint stiffness in the morning or after inactivity. Arthritis is first treated with conservative measures, including rest, ice, physical therapy and non-prescription over-the-counter (OTC) drugs.
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are available OTC and can be used to relieve pain and reduce inflammation. This class of medications includes ibuprofen and naproxen sodium. These medications may cause stomach bleeding, heart problems, liver problems or kidney damage, according to the Mayo Clinic. These medications should not be taken for more than a few days without consulting a doctor. While available OTC, a doctor may prescribe stronger forms of these medications to treat more severe arthritis.
Acetaminophen
The Mayo Clinic states that acetaminophen, such as Tylenol, can relieve pain associated with arthritis. However, acetaminophen does not reduce inflammation. Few side effects are associated with acetaminophen. However, taking too much acetaminophen can result in severe liver damage. You should check all drug labels of any other medications you are taking to make sure other medications do not contain acetaminophen. The Mayo Clinic further states that mixing acetaminophen with three or more alcoholic beverages can result in liver damage. Therefore, a person taking acetaminophen should abstain from drinking alcohol.
Capsaicin
Capsaicin is an ingredient found in peppers that gives them the spicy flavor. Capsaicin is extracted from peppers and can be applied topically to arthritic joints. This medication releases a chemical in the nerves that is related to pain. Once this chemical is released, pain symptoms may improve. This medication should be applied to arthritic joints as often as recommended on the drug label. Hands should be washed immediately after application to prevent capsaicin from getting in the eyes or other mucous membranes. You should let your doctor know if you experience burning, itching, dryness, pain, redness, swelling or soreness at the application site, according to the Drugs website.
