Anticoagulants are prescription drugs used to treat and prevent the development of blood clots. Warfarin and heparin are common anticoagulants; others include dalteparin and tinzaparin sodium. These medications carry risks of complications. Benefits and risks are weighed by the prescribing physician prior to the initiation of treatment. The patient can lessen his risk of complications by following all physician and pharmacist recommendations and keeping all physician and lab work appointments.
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage is a serious risk related to anticoagulant therapy. The patient can lose a large amount of blood in a short time, eventually becoming faint or unconscious. The primary symptom of gastrointestinal hemorrhage is dark stools, which may appear red, black or purple. They may be loose or watery. The "2010 Lippincott's Nursing Drug Guide" explains that a gastrointestinal hemorrhage may create an intestinal obstruction; this can cause a cessation or severe reduction in bowel movements.
Urinary Hemorrhage
This usually becomes evident by blood in the urine or by the urine turning a dark, cola color. Mild burning may be noticed as urination occurs.
White Clot Syndrome
White clot syndrome, also called heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, is a serious blood disorder that occurs when the body reacts to heparin--a type of anticoagulant--by forming clots or worsening an existing clot. This can lead to a heart attack, stroke, blood clot in the lungs or decreased circulation in a leg.
Lowered White Blood Cell Count
Anticoagulants can reduce the level of white blood cells in the bloodstream, a condition called leukopenia. This can leave a person susceptible to serious infections.
Nausea
Some patients taking an anticoagulant complain of nausea and loss of appetite. These symptoms may be accompanied by abdominal cramping.
Accidental Hemorrhage
A person taking anticoagulants is at increased risk of hemorrhage due to an accidental injury. A motor vehicle accident or an accident with a tool such as a chainsaw or knife can be deadly due to the increased risk of uncontrolled bleeding. Hemorrhage may be external or internal, creating a situation in which the person does not realize he is bleeding until he feels weak or faint. Nosebleeds are common, which can begin from scratching inside the nose or incurring a slight bump to the nose. Drugs.com says people taking warfarin shouldn't participate in sports or similar physical activities. That way, they lessen the risk of bleeding due to accidental injury.
References
- "2010 Lippincott's Nursing Drug Guide"; Amy M. Karch, R.N., M.S.; 2010
- Drugs.com: Warfarin
- Drugs.com: Heparin
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