Saunas and steam rooms are both touted by many proponents as methods of relaxation, therapeutic sweating and detoxification. Both have grown in popularity and can now be found in most gyms and health centers, even in private homes. However, they have several differences that set them apart from one another, and these differences should be considered when you are making the decision to use one.
Heat Source
The first and most obvious and functional difference between saunas and steam rooms is the source of their heat. Steam rooms are hot and humid, usually held at about 40 degrees C. Their heat comes from a steam generator which fills the entire space with moist, heavy steam. A sauna, on the other hand, uses much hotter temperatures, from 80 to 100 degrees C, and dry heat. The heat is produced by hot stones placed on a heater. You may add water to the stones, which causes a brief rush of hot steam and quick rise in temperature, but the steam quickly disappears and the temperature remains hot. Both promote sweating due to the high temperatures. The dry heat in a sauna promotes the evaporation of sweat from the body.
Benefits
Both saunas and steam rooms induce sweating due to hyperthermia, an elevated body temperature. The British Medical Journal reports that hyperthermia can heat many infectious organisms to the point of death, similar to when the human body has a fever, causing relief from many types of infections. The humidity in steam rooms can be especially good for respiratory ailments. Saunas are thought to be superior for detoxification because they promote the evaporation of sweat through the higher temperature and dry heat, which can help to pull toxins out of body tissues. Both may cause skin to become more supple and hydrated, increase blood circulation and relax muscles, while promoting an improved sense of well-being.
Construction
Due to the method of their heat source, saunas and steam rooms are constructed differently. A sauna is most likely to be built of wood, often lined with benches. The heater is located in one corner. A steam room is usually built of a non-porous substrate such as porcelain or ceramic tile, is air-tight to contain the humidity within and may have a slanted ceiling to prevent the steam droplets from falling down upon occupants. Simply put, saunas are less cost-prohibitive to construct because there is no need to contain the heat and moisture as in a steam room.
Which Is Best?
People often choose between saunas and steam rooms based on personal preference. If you suffer from breathing problems, the steam in steam rooms is useful in clearing any mucus in the lungs and making breathing easier. Some people may not be able to tolerate steam--for example, those suffering from rheumatoid arthritis--in which case, they will prefer the sauna.
Warning
Saunas and steam rooms each have their devotees. Medical and holistic practitioners alike use hyperthermia in treatments of their patients. Limit your sauna or steam to 10 to 20 minutes at one time and never use either while under the influence of drugs or alcohol. Remember to consult your doctor before beginning any sort of new fitness practice.
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