Black cohosh is a plant that grows throughout North America. Recorded traditional uses of black cohosh date back hundreds of years. Medicinal preparations of the herb are made from the roots of the plant, and are available in capsules, tinctures or dried roots for tea. Like most herbal medications, black cohosh is not regulated by the FDA for strength and purity, so make sure any herbs you use come from a reputable source.
Tonic and Diuretic
Black cohosh was used in traditional Native American medicine to treat a variety of illness, including rheumatism, diarrhea, snakebites and lung conditions. It was commonly used to aid childbirth, and to treat women's conditions such as menstrual cramps, irregular menstruation and symptoms of menopause. It was believed to have tonic and diuretic effects.
Anti-Inflammatory Effects
Black cohosh contains small amounts of salicylates, which are similar to the active ingredient in aspirin. Salicylates may give the herb its anti-inflammatory property. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, black cohosh used in conjunction with other herbs may help relieve the pain and inflammation of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
Improved Menopause Symptoms
Black cohosh may relieve many of the unpleasant symptoms of menopause, including hot flashes, irritability, vaginal dryness and night sweats. In Germany, the herb is approved for use as an alternative to hormone replacement therapy. The University of Maryland Medical Center notes that many of the studies supporting the use of black cohosh for menopausal symptoms were poorly-designed, and more research is needed to establish the long-term safety and efficacy of black cohosh. Most doctors don't recommend using the herb for more than six months at a time.
Hormonal Effects
The University of Maryland Medical Center points out that early studies indicate black cohosh might contain phytoestrogens, which are plant chemicals that mimic the effects of the human hormone. It's possible that these phytoestrogens can stimulate the growth of breast cancer tumors. Women with a family history of breast cancer, or who are undergoing treatment for breast cancer should discuss black cohosh with their doctor before taking it.
Allergies
The salicylates in black cohosh may cause allergic reactions in people allergic to aspirin. Indications of allergy might include asthma, hives, swollen lips or a runny nose.
Uterine Contractions
Black cohosh can cause uterine contractions. Traditionally, it is used to ripen the cervix and speed up labor. Pregnant women should not use black cohosh because uterine contractions can cause a miscarriage or premature delivery.
Side Effects
Black cohosh is generally considered safe for healthy adults to use at the recommended dosage, which is 40 to 80 mg daily. Possible side effects of taking too much black cohosh include stomach cramps, diarrhea, dizziness, nausea and joint pain.
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