Indoor air pollutants come in the form of gases and air particles and are mainly due to poor ventilation. When ventilation in the home is inadequate, pollutants build up to high levels and tend to linger for long periods of time. High temperatures and humidity also contribute to increased concentrations of pollutants. Over time, these pollutants affect those living in the home. The effects vary from mild to severe, depending on each individual's health, age and well-being.
Gases, Biological Agents, Microbes and Mycotoxins
Carbon Monoxide is an odorless and colorless gas that has the tendency to attach to hemoglobin in the blood and cause difficulty breathing and can result in death. Nitrogen Dioxide and Sulfur Dioxide are gases produced by combustion which can cause irritation of the mucous membranes as well as breathing problems. Individuals affected are those with breathing and heart problems, the elderly and unborn fetuses.
Biological agents such as animal dander, mold and dust mites are a major source of indoor pollutants. They account for a large percentage of allergic reactions and affect both young and old.
There are two microbe types found to pollute homes: mycobacterium tuberculosis, a microbe that is airborne and accumulates in poorly ventilated areas causing the disease TB; and legionella pneumophila which causes Legionnaire's Disease. These microbes are found in cooling systems, humidifiers, whirlpool baths and tap water according to the Environmental Protection Agency. Finally, mycotoxins, chemicals produced by fungus and mold in the home may cause general irritation or more severe conditions like cancer.
Volatile Organic Compounds
Volatile organic compounds are found in common household products like cleaning agents, solvents and pesticides. Formaldehyde is a chemical found in a variety of building materials, furniture and draperies. It has been classified as a carcinogen and is responsible for irritation and breathing problems.
Pesticides are also harmful when inhaled and have been known to cause nausea, dizziness, headaches and weakness. Airborne lead and mercury are also pollutants that are toxic. Lead and mercury have both been used in paint in the past. When the paint flakes-off, particles inhaled or ingested cause poisoning in adults and children.
Asbestos and Radon
Asbestos and radon have been classified as long-term risk pollutants. Asbestos, used in the past for fireproofing and insulation throughout homes, becomes a problem when it breaks down letting off particles that are inhaled. These particles become lodged in the lungs and may stay there for decades causing damage such as lung cancer.
Radon, a colorless, odorless gas that occurs naturally when the radioactive substance Radium breaks down, is the second leading cause of lung cancer and becomes a problem when the gas accumulates without ventilation.
