One simple distinction in the the differences between a sailboat and a powerboat is the sailboat's rigging. Rigging is collectively composed of the mast, the tall metal pole to which mainsail and jib sail are attached, and the metal boom that also supports the mainsail. Rigging includes supporting cables that secure the mast, plus spreader bars that separate and position these cables. The rigging also refers to lines and equipment that adjust the sails.
Standing Rigging
There are two types of sailboat rigging: standing rigging and running rigging. U.S. Sailing explains that standing rigging consists of metal cables that support the mast and anchor it to the deck. The cables to the front and back of the mast are called stays, and cables on either side of the mast are called shrouds. Larger sailboats may have additional masts, as well as more cables for increased mast support.
Running Rigging
Running rigging refers to the network of lines used to raise and lower the sails and to adjust the sails while the boat is moving. A halyard raises and lowers the sails, while sheets adjust the sails according to the force of the wind. Additional lines can be used to change the shape and angle of the sails. Larger boats, and more complex rig designs, feature more sail control lines.
Hardware Equipment
Many pieces of metal hardware keep the standing rigging fastened together. For example, chain plates are square metal pieces that bolt the shrouds to the underside of the deck. Cotter pins and rings fasten the rigging together, and turnbuckles are used to help keep the proper tension on the standing rigging.
On the running rigging, horn-shaped cleats tie off sail control lines to the deck. Blocks can change the direction of a sail control line and help crew members to safely control that line.
Winches
Because the wind's force can make it difficult to manage your sail control lines, you'll appreciate the mechanical advantage offered by sailboat winches. Metal drum winches, which are securely attached to the boat's deck, provide you with leverage and gear reduction advantages, notes the West Marine Advisor. Winches are made in many sizes to accommodate different sizes and weights of sails, and are operated with winch handles.
Sources
If you purchase a new sailboat, the boat should be delivered with its rigging completely assembled and tested. If you buy a used sailboat, the rig may be intact, but it will likely need tuning and potential component replacement.
You can engage a professional rigging company to handle the job for a boat that needs rigging assembly or replacement. If you prefer to purchase the supplies yourself, most sailing-focused marine supply stores stock rigging hardware. Depending on store inventory, the rigging cables you need may also be available, along with rigging assembly services. Rigging supplies can also be ordered from online suppliers.
Maintenance
With regular maintenance, your sailboat's rigging system can give you years of service. Rigger Ballenger Spars recommends that you periodically wash down your rigging system with fresh water, and lubricate the parts with a manufacturer-recommended product. During the process, thoroughly inspect the mast, standing rigging and hardware for signs of salt water corrosion or excessive wear. You'll should immediately correct rigging problems to avoid potential rigging or mast failure.
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