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Understanding the factors that affect your sexual health can help you take better care of yourself and protect your partner. If you have questions, ask your health care provider.
WHEN TO SEE A GYNECOLOGIST
Q. When do I need to see a gynecologist?
A. There is no set time when you need to have your first visit with a gynecologist. Many women have their first visit to obtain birth control before becoming sexually active. Once you become sexually active, it is important to see your gynecologist every two to three years for a Pap test to screen for cervical cancer. Pay attention to your body. If you notice unusual gynecological symptoms, make an appointment with your health care provider right away. You might have an easy-to-treat infection or maybe a more serious problem. The sooner you catch a problem, the better off you are.
See your doctor right away if you have unusual vaginal discharge; genital sores or lumps; vaginal irritation; a breast lump or another breast problem; abdominal pain and fever with vaginal discharge; heavy or irregular menstrual bleeding. If you have been a victim of rape or sexual abuse, see your doctor.
PAP DURING PERIOD
Q. Can having a Pap test during menstruation affect the results? I've heard not to get one during this time. Can it cause abnormal results? Why is this?
A. A woman doesn't usually have a Pap test during her period. Menstruation does not cause an abnormal result, but menstrual blood makes it difficult to see the cervical cells. Schedule a Pap test for 10 to 20 days after the beginning of your last period. To make sure you get an accurate result, don't douche, apply vaginal medication or use a spermicide for two days before a Pap test.
HOW MANY EGGS?
Q. How many eggs does a woman have when she is born?
A. Girls are born with approximately 1 to 2 million eggs. A large number deteriorate before puberty. Throughout the reproductive years, approximately 400 eggs mature and are released from the ovaries. At menopause, virtually all of a woman's eggs are gone.
TESTICULAR TORSION
Q. What is torsion of the testicle?
A. Each testicle receives its blood supply through a structure called the spermatic cord. Occasionally, a testicle rotates within the scrotum, causing a kink in the spermatic cord that cuts off blood supply to the testicle. Testicular torsion is a medical emergency; if the testicle cannot be untwisted by external manipulation, surgery is necessary to restore blood flow to the testicle. Symptoms of testicular torsion include intense pain in one testicle, swelling on the affected side of the scrotum, dizziness, nausea and vomiting. A twisted testicle is higher than the uninvolved testicle. Go to the emergency room or call 911 if you have symptoms of testicular torsion; a delay could lead to loss of the testicle.
RECURRENT UTIs
Q. What can I do about recurring urinary tract infections?
A. Anyone can develop a urinary tract infection, or UTI. Sexually active women, however, are most commonly affected. For reasons that remain poorly understood, some women have a tendency to develop recurrent UTIs. Steps you can take to reduce the likelihood of recurrent UTIs include: urinate as soon as possible when you feel the urge; drink plenty of fluids each day; cleanse your genitals before sexual intercourse; wipe from front to back with toilet tissue after urinating or having a bowel movement; take showers instead of baths; and urinate after sexual intercourse. If you continue to develop UTIs despite these measures, your doctor may prescribe medication to reduce the frequency of your infections. Call your health care provider if you have symptoms of a UTI. An untreated UTI can progress to a serious kidney infection, which may spread to the bloodstream.
