External eye conditions may result in damage around the eyelids or on the surface of the eye. Some conditions may cause only minor irritation, but some may result in permanent vision loss. A person who has painful or irritated eyes, or any vision changes, should contact an eye care professional immediately.
Blepharitis
Some people have inflammation along the edge of the eyelid, a condition called blepharitis. This causes the area around the eyelashes to appear red and swollen. Other symptoms may include itching, burning and a crust along the lashes, according to the U.S. National Library of Medicine. Many people with this condition have red, irritated eyes as well. Most eye doctors recommend washing the eyelids with a gentle shampoo, such as baby shampoo. This will remove any crustiness, as well as the bacteria, which typically causes the condition. For people who also have involvement with the surface of the eye, the doctor may prescribe an eye drop to improve symptoms. However, unless the person keeps the eyelids clean, the irritation will likely return.
Dry Eye
The surface of the eye needs moisture, and the tear film lubricates and nourishes the external part of the eye. Certain circumstances may cause the eye's surface to dry, such as low production of tears, or if the tears have a poor quality, explains the American Optometric Association. Symptoms on the surface of the eye may include burning and redness. As part of the eye's response to dryness, the eye may water excessively, which does not improve the condition, but washes away some of the protective tear film. Dry eye may also result in blurred vision that clears briefly with a series of blinks. Artificial tears, found in most drug stores, often help ease symptoms.
Corneal Ulcer
Infections or ulcers may affect the cornea, the clear layer at the front of the eye. An open wound to the cornea, called an ulcer, may result from a scratch or foreign body in the eye. However, ulcers commonly result from infections, according to the U.S. National Library of Medicine. Severe cases of dry eye may cause erosion of the cornea, as well. Symptoms may include pain, discomfort, redness or drainage. If left untreated, the condition may cause permanent damage to the cornea, which will affect vision. Doctors treat corneal ulcers with prescription eye drops.
Fuchs' Dystrophy
Fuchs' dystrophy affects the cornea, and results from a build-up of fluid within the corneal layers. The excess fluid may cause pain and changes to vision, states the MayoClinic.com. Symptoms of the condition may appear as small blisters in the layers of the cornea, changes in vision and light sensitivity. During an eye examination, the eye doctor can determine the presence of Fuchs' dystrophy. He may recommend prescription eye drops to reduce fluid in the cornea. In severe cases, the doctor may eventually recommend a corneal transplant.
