Probiotics give your digestive system a boost. Beneficial bacteria normally occupy the gastrointestinal tract and aid in digestion. Antibiotic use or other factors may alter the bacterial balance, allowing more harmful bacteria to flourish. Ingesting foods rich in probiotics or taking probiotic supplements can restore the natural balance and restore digestive health.
Definition
Probiotics are specific types of microorganisms, usually bacteria, that are similar to the beneficial bacteria that naturally inhabit the gastrointestinal tract, says the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM). These so-called "good" bacteria occupy the small and large intestines, where they help digest food and protect against disease-causing organisms. Most probiotics are specific species from the Lactobacillus or Bifidobacterium genuses.
Acidophilus
Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria normally inhabit the small intestine and vagina, producing vitamin K and antimicrobial agents, explains the Mayo Clinic. The term "probiotic" refers to acidophilus bacteria that are used for medical purposes. Acidophilus probiotics fight bacterial infections in the vagina and show activity in treating diarrhea, lactose intolerance and irritable bowel syndrome, although more research is needed.
Sources
Probiotics are naturally found in certain foods or they may be added. Yogurt, miso, fermented and unfermented milk and selected juices and soy drinks contain probiotics, says Katherine Zeratsky, R.D., L.D., a nutritionist with the Mayo Clinic. Products containing probiotics, such as acidophilus, will specifically state "live and active cultures" on the label.
Action
Bacteria found naturally in the intestines play an important role in maintaining digestive health. If the balance is disturbed, disease-causing organisms may proliferate and the intestines may fail to absorb nutrients properly, according to NCCAM. Antibiotics tend to target both beneficial and harmful bacteria, leading to an overgrowth of harmful bacteria in the gut. Foods containing acidophilus restore the balance of beneficial bacteria in the digestive tract, says US Probiotics. The probiotics naturally lower the acidity of the intestines, which creates an unattractive environment for harmful organisms. Probiotics help maintain a healthy intestinal lining, which is important for nutrient absorption and acts as a barrier to infection. US Probiotics also suggests a healthy balance of acidophilus helps prevent allergic reactions to allergens in foods.
Risks
Probiotics have few side effects, notes NCCAM. Probiotics may cause mild stomach bloating or gas. Less commonly, probiotics may overstimulate the immune system, affect metabolic activity or cause infection, especially when used by people with immune system disorders, intestinal damage, or other underlying health condition. Probiotics are not recommended for infants, children or the elderly. Consult with your health care provider before beginning a probiotic regimen. Seek medical attention if while using probiotics you experience a side effect that concerns you.
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