Collagen is a type of connective fiber in the second layer of skin---the dermis---that provides support and structure for the skin, according to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons. Collagen can break down as we age, but we can replace it through injections, the most common type of collagen facial treatment. Collagen is also an ingredient in some creams, but because it is a large molecule, it cannot penetrate the skin in this form and does not provide the same benefits as collagen injections.
Types of Collagen
The American Society of Plastic Surgeons explains that injectable collagen fillers are derived from cows, pigs and humans. Human-derived collagen comes from either your own skin, called autologen, or from a cadaver. Methods of acquiring autologen include taking collagen during a separate procedure and liquefying it or taking a smaller sample and cloning it in a lab. Cadaver-derived collagen is sterilized, purified and liquefied.
Procedure
A dermatologist typically performs collagen injections. The dermatologist cleans the area being treated and may apply a topical anesthetic. Collagen derived from animal sources requires an allergy test before injecting it into the skin. Collagen taken from your own skin does not require this test. The collagen is injected through a small needle directly into the area, which may cause a stinging sensation. After the procedure, you may have some redness, swelling or bruising, explains the American Academy of Dermatology. The results typically last up to two years before the skin returns to its pre-injection condition and the procedure needs to be repeated.
Uses
The New Zealand Dermatological Society explains that collagen injections can improve the contours of the skin and fill in dents caused by injury, scars or wrinkles. This includes lines around the mouth, such as deep smile lines or lines caused by smoking; crow's feet or other lines at the corner of the eyes; and frown or worry lines around the eyes or forehead. Collagen can also be used to redefine the lip line and create plump lips or fill in acne scars, as long as the scar does not have a sharp edge.
Risks
Allergic reaction is the biggest risk with collagen injections, but this risk is minimized with the allergy skin test. Whenever the skin is broken there is a risk of infection, open sores or scarring. Collagen injections can reactivate the herpes virus, which causes cold sores, according to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons. Skin around the area can die, peel or become uneven.
Cost
As of 2010, the cost of collagen injections ranges from $300 to $400 per syringe, according to the Consumer Guide to Plastic Surgery. The dermatologist may charge additional fees to cover his costs and the cost of local anesthesia. Ask for a breakdown of all charges before committing to the procedure. Cosmetic surgery is usually not covered by insurance, although exceptions may be made for facial restructuring after an accident or scars related to an illness. Talk to your insurance company to determine if the procedure is covered.
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