According to the American Academy of Dermatology, there are several forms of acne: blackheads, whiteheads, papule (pimple), pustule (pus-filled pimple) or cyst. Acne is formed when a pore is clogged and a bacterial infection occurs. At the surface, the bacterial infection causes blackheads and whiteheads. Deeper in the pores, an infection will result in papules or pustules. At the deepest point, an infection will result in the most severe nodules or cysts. Understanding the best treatments is important in order to avoid scarring.
Blackheads and Whiteheads
Blackheads and whiteheads are considered mild forms of acne. These can be treated with over-the-counter preparations containing benzoyl peroxide or salicylic acid, added to your daily cleansing routine. Washing your face no more than twice daily with a mild soap, then applying a topical treatment is a great overall routine to rid yourself of mild acne and prevent future breakouts. Avoid using any scrubbers, washcloths or astringents, as these can irritate acne further. Only use oil-free moisturizers and sunscreens on the skin following your treatment.
Papules and Pustules
Papules and pustules can be considered mild to moderate forms of acne. Adding an over-the-counter topical treatment, as with blackheads and whiteheads, is the first step in treating papules and pustules. If this treatment does not help the acne clear within a couple of weeks, a more aggressive treatment may be needed. The next step is typically prescription-strength topical treatments, such as azelaic acid or benxoyl peroxide. A dermatologist may also prescribe an oral antibiotic such as Bactrim to halt the infection and aid the healing process.
Nodules and Cysts
Nodules and cysts are the most severe form of acne blemishes. If not treated properly, they are also the most likely to cause scarring. A dermatologist can provide corticosteroid shots to ease the pain and aid healing. Isotretinoin is the only FDA approved drug to treat this type of acne, but the American Academy of Dermatologists notes this cannot be used for women who are pregnant or even plan on being pregnant as it can cause severe birth defects. Dermatologists will also expect regular follow-ups for patients taking isotretinoin, as there are many other possible physical and psychological side effects.
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