Approximately 1-in-3 adults in the United States has high blood pressure, according to the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. High blood pressure has no symptoms, so it can be present for years before a person becomes aware of it. High blood pressure is a serious condition that can lead to other more severe complications. It is important to get blood pressure screenings regularly.
The Basics
Two numbers are associated with blood pressure readings: systolic and diastolic. Systolic is the number given when the muscle contracts and the heart beats, pumping blood. It is the first number of a reading as well as the higher of the two numbers. Diastolic is a measurement of pressure as the heart rests between beats and refills with blood. It is the lower, second number in the reading. Blood pressure is measured in mm/HG (millimeters of mercury). Normal blood pressure is 120/80 mmHG.
Categories
Three categories of high blood pressure readings are used: prehypertension, stage 1 high blood pressure, and stage 2 high blood pressure. Prehypertension is defined as a systolic reading between 120 and 139 or a diastolic reading between 80 and 89. Stage 1 high blood pressure is defined as a systolic reading between 140 and 159 or a diastolic reading between 90 and 99. Stage 2 is defined as a systolic reading of 160 or higher or a diastolic reading of 100 or higher.
Accuracy
It is possible to have a high blood pressure reading without actually having hypertension. Other life factors such as stress, nervousness, recent exercise or caffeine can cause blood pressure to rise. To get the most accurate reading, an average of two readings taken, preferably while seated, often is used, according to the Mayo Clinic. To be diagnosed with high blood pressure, several readings are usually taken over time combined with home monitoring. Usually after three or so consecutive readings, a diagnosis is made.
Risks
High blood pressure can lead to conditions such as heart failure, coronary artery disease, stroke, kidney failure and other serious health problems. After a high blood pressure diagnosis, it is important to monitor blood pressure more closely to avoid further complications.
Preparation
The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute suggests some guidelines that should be followed to make blood pressure readings go as smoothly as possible and to avoid inaccurate readings. Wear short sleeves to make your arm easily accessible. Use the restroom before the reading, as a full bladder can alter blood pressure measurements. Avoid coffee and cigarettes 30 minutes prior to the blood pressure test. Before the test, sit for five minutes with feet flat on the ground and back supported and your arm supported at chest level.
