Intrauterine Devices

The IUD, or intrauterine device, is one of the most widely used methods of birth control in the world. An IUD is a small, plastic T-shaped device with pure copper wire wound around its frame. The inclusion of copper increases the function of blocking sperm. Some IUDs come with a silver core that prevents the wire from breakage. The arms of the frame are designed to hold the IUD in place near the top of the uterus. Some IUDS come in a loop shape that holds several copper tubes that are bound to the uterus with suturing. Copper IUDs come with a number as part of their name, indicating the surface area of the copper in square millimeters. The presence of an IUD in the uterus helps to release leukocytes and prostaglandins, natural elements that are hostile to both the eggs and the sperm. Hormonal IUDs are also available on the market. These help to prevent the ovaries from releasing eggs during ovulation while thickening cervical mucus, keeping sperm from joining the eggs. Though IUDs should be placed in the uterus before sexual relations, they can also be inserted within 5 days after having unprotected sex to reduce the possibility of pregnancy. According to some doctors, IUDs alter the lining of the uterus, preventing a fertilized egg from becoming attached to the area, thus possibly preventing a pregnancy. Recent studies show that less than 1 out of 100 women become pregnant when using an IUD.

What to Look for

It is best to discuss the best type of IUD for use with your healthcare provider. Hormonal contraceptives are said to reduce the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease while also reducing menstrual bleeding and sometimes preventing menstruation altogether. In this regard, they can be used as treatment in the case of heavy periods. This type of IUD is effective for 5 years, whereas a copper IUD is effective for 12 years.

Common Pitfalls

IUDs do not protect against STDS and can cause side effects, especially if bacteria enters the uterus during insertion of the unit. Make sure your doctor is an expert in insertion and removal of IUDs. Pelvic inflammation can also occur within the first 20 days after insertion, so it is important that your doctor sees to proper infection protection during this process, such as proscribing antibiotics. As cervical dilation is necessary for inserting an IUD, a mild painkiller can be taken before the process to mitigate distress. Sometimes menstruation can be heavier and more painful than normal with an IUD, in addition to possible spotting between periods. If an IUD is improperly inserted, the uterus can be perforated or the IUD can be rejected by the body. It is also possible for the IUD string to be felt during intercourse. If this is the case, you can have the string shortened by your doctor. Make sure you contact your doctor if you feel discomfort or experience suspicious symptoms. There are other birth control alternatives if an IUD does not feel comfortable for you.