Depression affects more than 6.5 million senior citizens in the U.S., according to the National Alliance on Mental Illness. Depression in elderly people often goes untreated because many people think it is a normal part of aging. As a result, many fail to get the help they need and spiral into illness, substance abuse and even suicide. Recognizing the symptoms of age-related depression and getting professional help are critical to helping seniors enjoy their golden years.
Causes
Many factors can trigger age-related depression, according to Helpguide.org. They include loneliness and isolation resulting from peer deaths and possible widowhood, and decreased mobility because of illness or the inability to continue driving. Retirement and physical limitations can lead to feelings of worthlessness, while illness, pain and disability can damage both body image and self-esteem. Many seniors find that fear of death, worries over financial problems or health, can also lead to depression.
Symptoms
Symptoms of elderly depression may differ somewhat from that of other age groups, according to the National Alliance on Mental Illness. In addition to traditional depression symptoms like social withdrawal, memory, sleep and eating problems, seniors often mask feeling of sadness with persistent yet vague complaints about health. They often become more demanding, and may be slow to move and speak.
Brain Shrinkage and Depression
In 2006, the University of Edinburgh published a study titled "Scientists Gain New Understanding Of Age-related Depression and Dementia." For the first time, scientists identified shrinkage of the brain's anterior cinculate cortex during old age. Scientists believe this shrinkage is the result of elevated stress hormone levels and can lead to depression and Alzheimer's disease.
Medications that Induce Depression
All medications have side effects, according to Helpguide.org, but some can cause symptoms of depression or exacerbate pre-existing depression. For seniors with multiple prescriptions, the risk of drug interaction and medication-induced depression is particularly high. Steroids, painkillers, hormones, and medications for arthritis, high blood pressure, and even cancer can induce depression. If depression is a concern, seniors or their loved ones should compile a list of medications and consult with a doctor.
Dementia v. Depression
Dementia and depression share similar symptoms, according to the Helpguide website, including sluggish speech and movements, memory problems and low motivation. Only a skilled clinician can evaluate the symptoms to determine the cause, however with both conditions prompt diagnosis and treatment are critical.
References
- University of Edinburgh: Scientists Gain New Understanding Of Age-related Depression And Dementia.
- Helpguide.org: Depression in Older Adults and the Elderly
- National Institute of Mental Health: Older Adults: Depression and Suicide Facts
- National Alliance on Mental Illness: Depression in Older Persons Fact Sheet
- University of Florida IFAS Extension: Suicide and the Elderly: Warning Signs and How to Help
