Open knee surgery is used during knee replacement surgery. The operation is a routine procedure done by orthopedic surgeons. People with osteoarthritis often have knee replacement surgery. The cartilage between the knee joint gradually wears away, causing bone-on-bone contact. Knee replacement surgery should be considered when performing everyday activities becomes too painful. Although the procedure is generally safe, there are risks associated with the surgery.
Infection
There is a risk of infection during an open knee surgery--or any open surgery. During the procedure, only doctors and nurses who don sterile gowns, gloves and masks are able to come in contact with the patient undergoing the procedure. Instruments used during surgery are also sterilized, reducing the risk of infection. Even though all efforts are made to prevent infection, bacteria can still invade the surgery site. According to the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, serious complications, such as a knee joint infection, occur in fewer than 2 percent of patients.
Anesthesia
General anesthesia is usually used for open knee surgery. To the patient, general anesthesia feels like a deep sleep. Aspiration, or inhalation of contents in the stomach, can occur during anesthesia. It is crucial to have an empty stomach prior to the procedure. According to the Mayo Clinic, heart, lung or kidney problems can cause an increased risk of complications when using general anesthesia. People who smoke are more likely to have breathing problems during anesthesia, and alcohol may increase the risk of liver damage.
Blood Clots
According to the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, the most common complication of a knee replacement is a blood clot. Symptoms of blood clots in the leg include pain behind the knee, and warmth or swelling in the calf. When a blood clot travels to the lungs, the patient may experience shortness of breath and chest pain. This is a medical emergency. Interventions to prevent blood clots are a priority after open knee surgery. Doctors will sometimes prescribe anticoagulant drugs like heparin, given by injection, to prevent blood clots. Circulation can be improved by using a pressure stocking and engaging in prescribed leg exercises.
