A stuffed up nose, or nasal congestion, usually develops in response to a viral infection or allergic reaction. The body's immune system responds to the infection or allergy by increasing mucus production and releasing chemicals that trigger the nasal passages to swell and become inflamed. Treatment of nasal congestion depends on the underlying cause, but most cases respond to home treatments and over-the-counter medications.
Stuffiness and Allergies
Upon exposure to an allergen, the body releases a substance called histamine, which is responsible for the symptoms of an allergic reaction, including watery eyes and nasal stuffiness. Treatment of allergic congestion involves avoiding the allergen, such as pollen, dust or pet dander, taking over-the-counter or prescription antihistamines and using nasal steroids. Severe allergies that are difficult to control with avoidance and medication may respond to immunotherapy, according to the American Rhinologic Society.
Stuffiness and Bacterial Infections
Bacterial infections, such as sinuses infections, are a common cause of nasal stuffiness. The body produces excess mucus in the nose to help fight off the infection, according to the University of Rochester. The body's immune reaction also causes the lining of the nasal passages to become irritated and inflamed. Bacterial infections generally respond to home care and a course of oral antibiotics. Elimination of any contributing factors, such as allergies or nasal irritation, also is beneficial.
Stuffiness and Viral Infections
Viruses trigger the same immune reaction inside the nasal passages as bacterial infections. Nasal congestion caused by viral infections typically clears on its own over several days or weeks. Using a saline nasal spray, running a humidifier indoors, and avoiding smoke, pollution and other irritants can reduce stuffiness during recovery. Over-the-counter decongestants help by opening up the nasal passages, shrinking mucus membranes and drying up extra mucus.
Stuffiness and Physical Blockages
A chronically stuffed up nose not associated with allergies may be a result of a physical blockage or structural abnormality inside the nasal passages or sinuses. Surgery is typically necessary to correct these physical problems. The American Rhinologic Society states that laser turbinate surgery and radiofrequency turbinate ablation are effective treatments for many blockages and can be performed on an out-patient basis. Correction of septal deviation, nasal valve surgery, turbinate reduction and endoscopic sinus surgery are inpatient procedures typically performed under general anesthesia.
