Sciatica is a condition characterized by pain that radiates from the lower back down the leg. It is caused by compression of the sciatic nerve that can result from muscle inflammation or spasms, degenerative bone diseases or injury to the vertebrae of the lower spine. Many cases of acute sciatica can be successfully treated with conservative medical and at-home treatment.
Self-care Treatment
Depending upon the underlying cause of the condition, acute sciatica can sometimes be successfully treated at home using a few self-care measures. Treating the lower back and buttocks with alternating ice packs and heating pads can help to reduce inflammation and muscle tension, as well as improve the range of motion in the affected area, according to the Mayo Clinic. Engaging in some stretching exercises after applying hot and cold treatments may further help to ease muscle spasms and relieve irritation on the sciatic nerve.
According to Merck.com, 1 to 2 days of bed rest in a reclining position with the head elevated can sometimes bring relief of symptoms; however, according to Spine Universe, research suggests that mild daily exercise such as walking may be a more effective treatment than rest. Check with your doctor to determine the best type of early treatment for your particular case.
Medication
Medication to reduce muscle and tissue inflammation and to treat lower back pain is often prescribed. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications like acetaminophen or ibuprofen may be used for up to 6 weeks, according to Merck.com, while stronger pain medications such as narcotics are typically reserved for short-term use in the treatment of severe pain. Drugs to treat nerve pain, such as asgabapentin, and other classes of medications such as tricyclic antidepressants can also help to relieve pain. The anti-seizure medication gabapentin may also be prescribed to treat pain.
Physical Therapy
Rehabilitation with physical therapy may be used to treat cases of sciatica caused by a herniated disc--a rupture in one of the vertebrae in the spinal column that puts pressure on the sciatic nerve. According to the Mayo Clinic, most patients begin physical therapy after early pain symptoms have been successfully reduced with medication and/or self-care measures. A physical therapist guides the patient through a series of exercises that help to strengthen back muscles and improve flexibility, both to treat the existing case of sciatica and to help to prevent recurring future episodes. These exercises are usually designed so that they may be performed at home for as long as necessary.
