Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, commonly called ADHD, can be difficult to diagnose, as no laboratory or imaging tests precisely detect the condition. Doctors rely on behavioral symptoms and ruling out other conditions to pinpoint ADHD. Children who exhibit aggressive behavior or have poor grades are susceptible to being misdiagnosed with the condition, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center, or UMMC. Therefore, careful evaluation is vital to achieving an accurate diagnosis.
Inattention
Three main symptoms are prominent in ADHD, once of which is inattention. The inability to sustain focus in various situations is a common problem for those with ADHD. Affected children typically exhibit poor grades, half of which are held back at least once, according to the UMMC. Adults with the disorder misplace things and have difficulty starting or sticking to projects or assignments. Both children and adults might be perceived as procrastinators, underachievers or daydreamers.
Hyperactivity
Another symptom of ADHD is hyperactivity, which is often the simplest to recognize. Children who fidget often, talk excessively or squirm constantly are typically presumed naughty or undisciplined. However, as ADHD awareness increases, teachers and parents more readily consider the possibility of ADHD among children who exhibit these behaviors. To meet diagnostic criteria, hyperactivity must be excessive and persistent, appearing before age 7 and continuing for at least six months, according to the Attention Deficit Disorder Association.
Impulsivity
Impulsivity is the third main symptom of ADHD. It is similar to hyperactivity, as many of the behaviors are aggressive and unbridled. An ADHD-affected child does not think about the consequences of his actions and may attempt dangerous or impulsive feats, such as jumping from high places or experimenting with drugs or alcohol. Aggressive children with ADHD are at risk for delinquent behavior and engaging in criminal activity in adulthood. In addition, substance abuse risks increase among ADHD-affected children, starting at ages younger than average. The UMMC reports many of these children are actually self-medicating their ADHD symptoms.
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