Bell's palsy, a temporary nerve paralysis of the seventh cranial nerve, or facial nerve, affects around 40,000 American every year, according to the National Institute for Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Anything that causes swelling, compression or inflammation around the facial nerve can cause symptoms of Bell's palsy, including viral infection, Lyme disease, diabetes and trauma, among others. Symptoms include one-sided paralysis, eyelid or mouth drooping, drooling, dry eyes and pain. Most cases improve within two weeks and disappear within three to six months, with or without treatment. Treatments depend on the severity and cause.
Medications
If a viral infection such as herpes simplex causes the disease, anti-viral medications such as acyclovir and valacyclovir may stop the progression of the disease and shorten its course. Prednisone, a corticosteroid, decreases swelling and inflammation that compress the nerve. Prednisone should be started within three days of the start of the disease for best effect, MayoClinic.com reports. Acyclovir and prednisone together may be more effective than prednisone alone, the Neurology Channel states. Aspirin, acetaminophen and ibuprofen may reduce discomfort. Botulinum toxin injections can relieve muscle spasms on the affected side, the Neurology Channel states.
Bell's palsy can cause eyes to become very dry by interfering with the blinking reflex. Moistening the eyes frequently with artificial tears or lubricating drops helps avoid damage to the surface of the eye.
Physical Therapy
Facial muscles can contract or shrink, sometimes permanently, after Bell's palsy. Physical therapy called facial retraining helps maintain muscle tone and prevent permanent disability through massage, moist heat applications and facial exercises.
Surgery
Surgery to relieve pressure on the nerve may be necessary in rare cases, according to MayoClinic.com. Plastic surgery may also improve the appearance in cases of permanent disability such as eyelids that don't close completely or a crooked smile, says the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.
Additional Therapies
Additional therapies that may benefit some cases of Bell's palsy include acupuncture, biofeedback, relaxation therapy, electrical stimulation, traditional Chinese medicine and vitamin therapy with B6, B12 and zinc, states the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.
