Heroin addiction is a disease caused by opiate effects on neurotransmitters, which change the structure and function of brain cells. Over time, the addict needs more of the drug to feel normal. An abrupt halt to opiate drug use produces anxiety, cravings, and flu-like symptoms, what addicts call dopesickness. Although withdrawal is uncomfortable, it is not life-threatening and lasts fewer than 10 days. When planning to detox heroin, a visit to a family doctor can yield a combination of non-addictive medications that help withdrawal. The support of others who understand and a quiet environment are essential for successful heroin detox.
Clonidine
Clonidine, or Catapres, is a medication approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of hypertension. It is commonly prescribed off-label in the management of opiate withdrawal syndrome. Dosage depends on the patient's height, weight, medical history and current blood pressure. Clonidine, even at low doses, binds to opiate receptor sites in the brain. This tricks the body into having milder symptoms of anxiety, sweating, muscle aches and abdominal cramps. Prescriptions come in tablets or transdermal patches. Blood pressure should be monitored and the medication taken exactly as directed. In addiction treatment centers, the dose may be increased slightly on days two, three, and four if symptoms warrant it and blood pressure is stable. Clonidine may cause dizziness and fatigue. The main side effect of clonidine is low blood pressure, which may cause nausea, vomiting, and fainting.
Trazadone
For relief of insomnia during heroin withdrawal, doctors prescribe trazadone, or Deseryl, a sedating anti-depressant. Trazadone's ability to increase serotonin in the brain relieves anxiety, tension, and some types of chronic pain. It is not for use in individuals who are bipolar, schizoaffective, or schizophrenic. Taking this drug for one week is unlikely to produce side effects, however, those less than 24 years old should be monitored for personality changes or suicidal ideation.
Ibuprofen
Prescription strength ibuprofen, or Motrin, relieves the pain and muscle aches that are characteristic of heroin withdrawal. Taken with food, it is less likely to cause stomach upset. Ibuprofen is available over the counter as a pain reliever and fever reducer. Pregnant women should never take ibuprofen due to the risk of heart defects in developing babies.
Hot Baths
A hot bath, jacuzzi, or hot showers can go a long way to relieving muscle aches and abdominal cramping. Since there are no side effects, staying in the bath as long as desired is an acceptable strategy to relieve heroin withdrawal symptoms. Oral fluids such as sports drinks prevent dehydration and provide electrolytes that may be lost in vomiting and diarrhea. When in bed, apply a heating pad or hot water bottle to the abdomen for relief from cramping.
References
- National Institutes of Health Medline Plus: Opiate Withdrawal
- "American Family Physician", Common Problems in Patients Recovering From Chemical Dependency, Jones E., et.al., Nov. 15, 2003
- "American Family Physician", Management of Withdrawal Syndromes, Miller N, Gold M, July, 1998
- Drugs.com: Clonidine
