Kava is a South Pacific medicinal plant that has been used successfully for the short-term relief of anxiety, insomnia and menopausal symptoms. Health experts warn, however, that kava carries risks of side effects and complications. Also known as Piper methysticum, kava is sold in the United States in pills, tinctures and teas. It is classified as a dietary supplement by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA.
Liver Damage
According to the National Association for Complementary and Alternative Care, or NCCAM, public health officials in Europe have linked kava use to about 25 cases of hepatitis, cirrhosis or liver failure. Most of these cases seem to be the result of using concentrated forms of kava extracts, according to the American Herbal Products Association. The FDA advises people with known liver problems to talk with their health care practitioner before using kava. Use should be discontinued and medical attention sought if jaundice develops while using kava as this could indicate liver disease. Symptoms of jaundice include yellow eyes and dark urine along with nausea and fever.
Drug Interactions
The University of Maryland Medical Center advises against taking kava with any prescription or non-prescription medications since kava could intensify the effect of the drugs and lead to liver damage or coma. Kava may also cause serious illness if taken with anticonvulsants, alcohol, anxiety agents such as benzodiazepines, alprazolam and barbiturates, antipsychotic medications or levodopa, the main treatment for Parkinson's disease.
Muscle Spasms
Abnormal muscle spasms or involuntary muscle movements have been reported in some individuals following short-term use of up to five days, according to the National Library of Medicine. The muscle movements included "tightening, twisting or locking" of the muscles of the mouth, neck and eyes.
Skin Changes
Long-term or heavy use of kava may result in scaly, yellowed skin, according to the NCCAM. If taken over long periods, kava may also cause yellowing of the hair and nails.
Drowsiness
NCCAM advises against driving and operating heavy machinery while taking kava because the herb has been reported to increase drowsiness.
References
- National Association for Complementary & Alternative Care: Kava
- National Association for Complementary & Alternative Care: Kava Linked to Liver Damage
- National Association for Complementary & Alternative Care
- American Herbal Products Association: Kava Information from the AHPA Executive Committee
- University of Maryland Medical Center: Possible Interactions with: Kava Kava
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