Dental braces are a type of fixed orthodontic appliance used to correct malocclusion. Braces can serve many purposes, depending on the needs of the patient, be it to straighten teeth, correct the bite or close large gaps between teeth. According to the American Association of Orthodontists, four out of five patients who get braces are children. Knowing what to expect if you or your child has been referred to an orthodontist for dental braces can be helpful and reassuring.
Initial Consultation
The American Association of Orthodontists recommends that children be screened by age seven, before all the permanent teeth come in, to determine if they need braces. A full dental examination is necessary. A dentist or orthodontist will examine the child's teeth, as well as take x-rays and make plaster impressions.
About Braces
Dental braces are far less cumbersome than they used to be, states the Columbia University College of Dental Medicine. Thick bands of steel that wrapped around the teeth were once used. Modern braces are less conspicuous. Rarely are accompanying bands used on the front teeth. Moreover, although most orthodontic work uses steel brackets, which are the parts of the orthodontic device that are bonded to the teeth, ceramic and plastic brackets are also available, and may be selected for cosmetic reasons.
Procedure
When braces are put on, an orthodontist attaches small brackets to each tooth using bonding material. Thin wires called "arch wires" are then placed through the brackets. The function of these wires is to guide the teeth into the correct position, according to the Columbia University College of Dental Medicine. Arch wires may be constructed of stainless steel, but may also be clear or the same color as the teeth, rendering them less visible. Small elastic bands may be employed to secure the arch wires to the brackets. An orthodontist, a specialist who treats malocclusion through the use of fixed and removable appliances and other procedures, puts on dental braces.
Follow-Up
Once braces are on, follow-up treatments are required. Braces typically need adjusting every four to six weeks, although this is at the discretion of the treating orthodontist, explains the International Dental Health Foundation. The initial adjustment period may be difficult, but the American Association of Orthodontists states that much like wearing a pair of new shoes, braces are "broken in" and eventually feel comfortable.
After Braces Come Off
The American Dental Association states that generally, braces are worn for between one and three years, but this depends on the nature and degree of the malocclusion. After braces are removed, patients usually wear a retainer--a removable device that holds the teeth in their new position--for a recommended period of time.
