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Testicular torsion occurs when a testicle rotates inside the scrotum, thus cutting of its own blood supply and causing swelling and intense pain. Although it can occur at any age, especially after an injury, the most likely ages at which testicular torsion occurs are during infancy, puberty and young adulthood. Some men are predisposed to testicular torsion as a result of inadequate connective tissue within the scrotum itself, but testicular torsion can happen to anyone with testicles.
Causes
Testicular torsion can actually happen spontaneously and for no apparent reason. Sometimes it even occurs during sleep. Oddly enough, the condition can resolve itself -- "untwist" -- before you get to the doctor. However, if it happened to you once, you are at risk for a recurrence, and therefore some doctors in this case recommend surgery to repair the testicle, or both testicles.
In adult men, testicular torsion is often a result of trauma to the scrotum, or of strenuous physical exertion. For example, a softball, baseball, or golf ball can hit a man hard in the scrotum and cause torsion. Being kneed or kicked in the testicles can also cause testicular torsion.
Symptoms
The pain of torsion is said to be intense -- actually worse than the kick that causes it -- and it requires medical attention right away. As the testicle's blood supply is reduced, it gradually turns red, then purple and eventually blue. That’s when the pain becomes excruciating and medical help is essential. Nausea, vomiting, and dizziness are often present when there is an absence of blood supply to the testicle, or if the injury is sudden. Fainting can also occur.
Treatment
Testicular torsion is considered a medical emergency and usually requires surgery within four to six hours if the testicle is to be saved. An ultrasound of the scrotum can help with diagnosis by showing the absence of blood flowing to the testicle. After six hours of torsion, the chances that the testicle must be removed increase. The testicle may sometimes lose its ability to function even after less than six hours of torsion.
Prevention
When engaging in any sport that involves a fast-moving object, guys should either wear a cup or avoid trauma to the scrotum. Never play goalie, catcher or pitcher without a cup.
Considerations
Remember, this condition can occur at any age, and with no apparent cause, and it is a surgical emergency. If symptoms of testicular torsion occur, seek emergency treatment promptly. Call 911 if you are in too much pain to drive. Somehow, get to your nearest emergency room.
