Hernias occur when a weakness in the abdominal wall allows the intestines or other soft tissue to bulge beneath the skin. Most hernias are reducible, meaning they can be pushed back into place. If a hernia is irreducible, a portion of the intestine can be trapped in the bulging area and its blood supply cut off; known as hernia strangulation, it is a medical emergency that can lead to gangrene or peritonitis. If you experience the symptoms of a strangulated hernia, seek immediate medical attention.
Irreducibility
Most hernias are reducible. If your hernia is not easily reducible, the Mayo Clinic recommends lying with your hips higher than your head and applying ice to the site to reduce swelling. If this doesn't allow you to push the bulge back in place, the hernia is at risk for strangulation.
Pain
Hernia pain that comes and goes is unpleasant but not an emergency. A strangulated hernia is usually tender when touched, and the skin over the hernia may be warm. Constant pain may be the first sign that a hernia is strangulated. The pain is steady and gradually increases. Any severe hernia pain should be checked out by a doctor.
Bowel Obstruction
A strangulated hernia can make it impossible to pass gas or have a bowel movement. Belching may occur, and the abdomen may be distended.
Nausea and Vomiting
Nausea and vomiting occur when strangulation causes intestinal functions to slow or stop. Vomiting, especially when accompanied by pain, may indicate an intestinal obstruction caused by strangulation. If you experience these symptoms, call your doctor or go to the emergency room
References
- Mayo Clinic: Inguinal Hernia, Complications
- Harvard Medical School: Hernias
- MedlinePlus: Hernia
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK): Inguinal Hernia
- Medical-Surgical Nursing: Critical Thinking for Collaborative Care: Fifth Edition, Donna D. Ignatavicius, MS, RN,C and M. Linda Workman, PhD, RN, FAAN.; 2006
