Ligaments are bands of fibrous tissue that connect two bones together to increase the stability of a joint. A torn ligament results in pain, swelling, bruising and an inability to move the joint, states Medline Plus, of the National Institutes of health. A pop or tear may be heard or felt at the time of injury. Mild sprains or partial tears are treated conservatively, while a severe sprain may require surgical repair.
Ice Therapy
Applying ice to the affected area can reduce pain, inflammation and swelling, which will allow the torn ligament to heal. Ice constricts small blood vessels around the injured area, resulting in reduced swelling. In addition, ice can numb nerves around the injured area, which will reduce pain. Ice should be applied to the injured ligament for 20 minutes, then removed for 20 minutes. This cycle can be repeated as often as possible until pain is controlled and swelling is reduced.
Medications
MayoClinic.com states that over-the-counter (OTC) pain relievers can be used to treat a torn ligament. Specifically, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen or naproxen sodium can be used to reduce pain and inflammation around the torn ligament. These medications are effective because they reduce chemical signals related to pain and inflammation. Reducing pain can allow the patient to participate in exercises that will help the torn ligament heal. Controlling inflammation will better help the body repair the torn ligament.
Physical Therapy
A doctor will likely prescribe physical therapy once swelling and pain has decreased in the affected area, states MayoClinic.com. Physical therapy will improve the strength, flexibility and range of motion of the affected joint. In addition, therapy can help prevent a re-injury to the torn ligament. A physical therapist will teach stretches to keep the joint loose and exercises to strengthen the joint. A home exercise program may be given, and the patient must strictly adhere to the plan in order to promote effective healing of the ligament.
Surgery
In severe cases, a surgeon may recommend the surgical repair of the torn ligament, states MayoClinic.com. The surgeon will reattach the ligament to bone and remove damaged fibers from the ligament. He will also repair any other structural damage in the joint if necessary. Risks of surgery include infection, nerve or tissue damage, blood clots and excessive bleeding. The risks and benefits of surgical ligament repair should be discussed with the surgeon before proceeding.
