Menstruation is the monthly bleeding experienced by women of childbearing age. Menstrual pains or cramps occur during menstruation and are caused by uterine contractions. Mild cramps are a normal part of menstruation while severe cramps that interfere with daily activities require medical attention. According to the National Institutes of Health, over-the-counter pain medication can be used to treat mild cramps while severe cramps require prescription medication.
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, mild menstrual cramps are treated with over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as Aleve, Advil and Motrin. Menstrual pains are caused by uterine contractions that occur in response to chemicals known as prostaglandins. NSAIDS block production of prostaglandins, which in turn reduces severity of menstrual pain. NSAIDS are more effective than acetaminophen in relieving menstrual pain.
Prescription NSAIDS
The NIH states that menstrual pain that does not respond to OTC NSAIDS is treated with a prescription NSAID known as Meclofenamate. Meclofenamate is prescribed to treat moderate to severe menstrual pain. Common side effects of the drug include peptic ulcers, heartburn, abdominal pain and constipation. Mayoclinic.com also states that Mefenamic acid is prescribed for severe menstrual cramps. Common side effects of Mefenamic acid include stomach upset, stomach and duodenal ulcers, and heartburn.
Birth Control Pills
According to Mayoclinic.com, birth control pills contain hormones that prevent ovulation and reduce production of prostaglandins, which in turn can reduce severity of menstrual pain. Birth control hormones to relieve menstrual pain can also be delivered by injection, a patch on the skin, and a ring inserted in the vagina.
Antibiotics and Surgery
According to ACOG, women should report severe menstrual pain that interferes with regular activities to their doctors. Severe menstrual pain could be a sign of serious problems such as fibroids, endometriosis and pelvic inflammatory disease. Fibroids and endometriosis are treated with surgery in order to remove abnormal uterine tissue while PID is treated with antibiotics.
