Toxic Shock Syndrome

Overview

Toxic shock syndrome was first described as a disease in 1978. It is believed to be mainly a disease of otherwise healthy, young, menstruating females who use tampons. It also occurs in males, children and in older women sometimes as complications of flu.

TSS was first recognized to be caused by a certain brand of tampons which were made of a very absorbent foam material. They were taken off the market and are no longer sold. TSS is not very common; although it is more common in teenagers, but if you use tampons you should know about it and be aware of its symptoms.

Toxic shock syndrome is a disease believed to be caused by toxin-producing strains of the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. The tampon acts as a dam, stopping all normal flow--great for your period, bad when there are potential toxins present. All tampon users are at risk for TSS, but the risk is increased when using highly absorbent tampons (like "super absorbency" ones) or if the tampon you are using is too big for your body .You can reduce your risk of TSS by using pads at night or waking up during the night to change your "regular" tampons.

Symptoms

TSS is characterized by a high fever up to 105 degrees F (40.6 degrees C), sometimes a sudden fever, sore throat, headache, vomiting, diarrhea, fainting, a rash that looks like a sunburn, and muscle aches.

Warning Signs of TSS

A sudden high fever
A rash that looks like sunburn
Sore throat or mouth
Vomiting and diarrhea
Fainting
Abdominal pain
Headache and fatigue
Muscle aches--flu-like symptoms
Dizziness and confusion

Treatment

Toxic shock syndrome can be treated and cured with antibiotic treatment. You must get to your health care provider or even an emergency room if you think you have any symptoms of TSS while you are having your period.

Prevention

Never leave a tampon in for more than 6 hours, change them frequently. Be sure that the tampon you use fits you properly and is not too large. Avoid using tampons labeled for "super absorbency." TSS can also occur from using the contraceptive sponge while you are menstruating. Never use the Sponge during your period, wait until your period is completely finished before using the sponge.