Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD, is a neurobehavioral condition that develops in childhood. If left untreated, ADHD can persist into adult. ADHD manifests as inattentiveness, hyperactivity and impulsive behavior. Adults with untreated ADHD are often disorganized, forgetful, distracted and feel overwhelmed. Symptoms of ADHD can interfere with work, relationships and school performance. Along with therapy, medications can help decrease ADHD symptoms in adults.
Stimulants
Stimulant medications are the most commonly prescribed medications for ADHD. Helpguide.org states that methylphenidate, Adderall and dextroamphetamine are thought to work by increasing the levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the brain, which helps concentration and reduces impulsivity and hyperactivity. Stimulant medications are available in long-acting and short-acting formulas. Because short-acting formulas must be taken two to three times a day, some individuals prefer the extended release formulas, which are taken once a day. Common side effects of stimulants include difficulty sleeping, headaches, stomach upset, dizziness, depression, irritability, and restlessness. Stimulant medications have the potential for abuse and should never be taken without a prescription, The Mayo Clinic states.
Atomoxetine
Atomoxetine, a non-stimulant medication, is prescribed for ADHD when certain medical conditions prevent a person from using stimulants or when stimulants are ineffective. According to the National Resource Center on AD/HD, atomoxetine is the first non-stimulant medication approved by the FDA for ADHD. Atomoxetine has less potential for abuse than stimulant medications. Atomoxetine is taken once a day, and its antidepressant properties make it a good choice for individuals with depression and anxiety. Side effects of atomoxetine include dry mouth, insomnia, loss of appetite, nausea, constipation, urinary retention and dizziness.
Bupropion
Bupropion is an antidepressant that has been shown to have a moderate response in reducing symptoms of ADHD in adults, the National Resource Center on AD/HD states. Bupropion is not as effective as the stimulant medications, and it may take weeks before a person sees improvement in his symptoms. Side effects of bupropion include headache, nausea, dry mouth, anxiety and constipation. Bupropion can causes seizures, especially in individuals with a history of a seizure disorder or eating disorder.
Venlafaxine
There are no controlled studies on the effectiveness of venlafaxine for reducing ADHD symptoms in adults; however, non-controlled studies show encouraging results, according to the National Resource Center on AD/HD. Venlafaxine also helps with co-existing conditions including depression and anxiety. Side effects of venlafaxine include nausea, diarrhea, headache, insomnia, dizziness and increased blood pressure.
