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Pubic lice--also known as "crabs" because of their shape--are tiny insects that infest the pubic hair and survive by feeding on human blood. They are different from the type of lice that infest the body or scalp. These parasites are most often spread by sexual contact, but they may also be caught through contact with infested bedding or clothing. They most often appear in pubic hair, but they can also sometimes be found in armpit hair and eyebrows.
Symptoms and Incubation
The primary symptom of infestation is itching in the pubic area. Scratching may spread the lice to other parts of the body, so every effort should be made to avoid touching the infected area. The eggs hatch in a week and mature in about 8 to 10 days.
Diagnosis
Pubic lice are diagnosed easily because they are visible to the naked eye. They are pinhead size, oval in shape and grayish, but appear reddish-brown when full of blood from their host. Nits, the tiny white eggs, are also visible and are usually observed clinging to the base of pubic hair.
Treatment
Lotions and shampoos that kill pubic lice are available over the counter. Although head lice and pubic lice are different insects, the same products that work against head lice, such as Rid and Nix, also work against pubic lice. If these methods fail, your doctor can give your other, stronger products by prescription. Creams or lotions containing lindane, a powerful pesticide, are prescribed as a last resort when all other methods have failed. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should not use products with lindane. Itching may persist even after the lice have been killed. This is because the skin has been irritated and requires time to heal. See your health care provider if the lice are persistent or if you suspect secondary infections have set in due to scratching.
Prevention
All persons with whom an infested individual has come into close contact, including family and close friends as well as sex partners, should be treated to ensure that the lice have been eliminated. All clothing and bedding should be washed in very hot water (125 degrees F) and dried at a high setting to rid them of any lice. Pubic lice die within 24 hours of being separated from the body. Because the eggs may live up to 6 days, it is important to apply the treatment for the full time recommended.
